Skin Flashcards
Name the epidermal layer which is most prominent in palms and soles
Stratum lucidum
Name the epidermal layer which show desmosomes
Stratum spinosum
Name epithelial cell junction which connects keratin in basal cells to underlying basement membrane
Hemidesmosome
Name the dermatologic lesion seen in eczema, psoriasis and SCC
Scale ( flaking off of stratum corneum)
Eczematous dermatitis shows which dermatologic microscopic lesion
Spongiosis ( epidermal accumulation of Edematous fluid in intracellular spaces)
Name the condition shows hypergranulosis (increase thickness of stratum granulosum)
Lichen planus
Name the condition which is associated with Parkinson disease
Seborrheic dermatitis
Presentation of seborrheic dermatitis
Red plaque with greasy yellow scales in areas rich in sebaceous glands viz scalp, face and periocular region
What is Feckles (Ephelides)?
Increase in melanin production by melanocytes
Important point
Steroid therapy for atopic dermatitis cause atrophy or thinning of that dermis
How atopic dermatitis occurs?
Mutations in filaggrin gene predispose via skin barrier dysfunction
Presentation of atopic dermatitis
Itching eruption on skin flexures associated with other allergic disorders
-Sites are face in infancy and antecubital fossa in kids and adults
Important point
Junctional nevi are flat macules
Intradermal nevi are papular
Name the condition occur as a result of shaving
Pseudo folliculitis barbae
Presentation of Pseudo folliculitis barbae
Hyper pigmented papules And pustules located on cheeks, jawline and neck common in African American males
Important points of psoriasis
Munro microabscess
Increase Stratum spinosum and decrease stratum granulosum
Presentation of Rosacea
Facial flushing due to external stimuli like alcohol and heat
Red plaques and pustules w/o comedones
Name the sites of angiosarcoma (Stewart treves Syndrome)
Head Neck and breast
Associated with radiation therapy and chronic post mastectomy lymphedema
Name the vascular tumors of skin in kids
Strawberry hemangioma
First increase in size and then regress
Name the vascular tumors of skin in adults
Cherry hemangioma
Doesn’t regress
Name the vascular tumor of skin Arise from modified smooth muscles cells of the thermaregulatory glomus body
Glomus tumor (benign painful red blue tumor)
Site under finger nails
Name the vascular tumor of skin associated with trauma and pregnancy
Pyogenic granuloma shows polypoid lobulated capillary hemangioma
What is the cause of bullous impetigo?
S aureus
What parts of skin affect from erysipelas and name the cause of it?
Upper dermis and superficial lymphatics
And S pyogenes
What parts of skin affect from cellulitis?
Deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissue
Which layer get affected from Ssss?
Stratum granulosum
What is panniculitis?
Inflammation of subcutaneous fat seen in erythema nodosum
Important point of lichen planus
Sawtooth infiltrate Of lymphocytes at dermal epidermal junction
What is the cause of bullous impetigo?
S aureus
What parts of skin affect from erysipelas and name the cause of it?
Upper dermis and superficial lymphatics
And S pyogenes
What parts of skin affect from cellulitis?
Deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissue
Which layer get affected from Ssss?
Stratum granulosum
What is panniculitis?
Inflammation of subcutaneous fat seen in erythema nodosum
Important point of lichen planus
Sawtooth infiltrate Of lymphocytes at dermal epidermal junction
Important point
In chronic kidney disease (eg, diabetic nephropathy), decrease intraglomerular pressure, slowing GBM thickening.
Structures perforating diaphragm: Number of letters = T level: • At TS: IVC, right phrenic nerve • At TIO: esophagus, vagus (CN IO; 2 trunks) • At Tl2: aorta (red), thoracic duct (white), azygos vein (blue) (“At T-1-2 it’s the red, white, and blue”)
Structures perforating diaphragm: Number of letters = T level: • At TS: IVC, right phrenic nerve • At TIO: esophagus, vagus (CN IO; 2 trunks) • At Tl2: aorta (red), thoracic duct (white), azygos vein (blue) (“At T-1-2 it’s the red, white, and blue”)
HARDASS
H= Hyperalimentation A= Addison disease R= renal tubular acidosis D= diarrhoea
A= acetozolamide S= spirnolactone S= saline infusion
Root value of ilohypogastric
T12-L1
Root value of gentifemoral nerve
L1-L2
Root value of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
L2-L3
Root value of obturator and femoral nerve
L2-L4
Root value of sciatic nerve and tibial
L4-S3
Root value of common peroneal nerve
L4-S2
Root value of superior and inferior gluteal nerve
L4-S1
L5-S2
Abductors Of hip
Butts
Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
Flexors Of hip
TRIPS
Iliopsoas,
rectus femoris,
tensor fascia lata,
pectineus,
sartorius
Internal rotators Of hip
Gluteus medius,
gluteus minimus,
tensor fascia latae
External rotators Of hip
Iliopsoas,
gluteus maximus,
piriformis,
obturator
Name the alkylating agent of chemotherapy
Alkylating agents:
Busulfan
Cyclophosphamide lfosfamide
Nitrosoureas (eg. carmustine)
Name the anti metabolites agent of chemotherapy
Antimetabotites —-~
Azathioprine
Cladribine
Cytarabine
5-fluorouracil
Hydroxyurea
Methotrexate
6-mercaptopurine
Important point
Alkylating agents. platinum agents: (cross-link DNA)
Bleomycin: (DNA strand breakage)
Dactinomycin. doxorubicin: (DNA intercalators)
Name the chemotherapy which is given in childhood tumors
Dactinomycin (actinomycin D)
Name the chemotherapy given in brain tumors
Nitrosoureas (eg, carmustine, lomustine)
Name the chemotherapy which -ve proteasome
Bortezomib,
carfilzomib
Name the chemotherapy which reactivate herpes zoster
Bortezomib,
carfilzomib
Name the drugs which decrease production of aqueous humour
“BAD”
Timolol, betaxolol, carteolol (Beta Blocker)
Epinephrine (a1}, apraclonidine, brimonidine (a2) (Alpha Agonist)
Acetazolamide (Diuretic)
Name the drugs which increase outflow of aqueous humour
Prostaglandins::: increase via by decrease the resistance flow through uveoscleral pathway
Cholinergic agonist::: increases outflow of aqueous humor via contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of trabecular meshwork
Important point very important point
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs:::
- There action can’t be neutralised in phase 1 though Block potentiated by cholinesterase inhibitors
- *But in phase 2 blockade can be reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors.
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs :::
**Reversal of blockade-neostigmine (must be given with atropine or glycopyrrolate to prevent muscarinic effects such as bradycardia), edrophonium, and other cholinesterase inhibitors.
Name the IV anaesthetic which facilitates And potentiate GABA(a)
Facilitate:::
-Thiopental / Midazolam
Potentiate:::
-Propofol (Rapid anesthesia induction**)
Important point
Order of loss: (I) pain, (2) temperature, (3) touch, (4) pressure in local anaesthesia
