Part 1 Flashcards
Name the part of bacteria which help to attach on cell surface and foreign surfaces
For cell surface “pilus/fimbria
For foreign surface glycocalyx
Important Information
Lipoteichoic acid owns by gram +ve only induces TBF alpha and IL1 just like endotoxins in gram -ve
Name the bacteria which don’t have cell wall
Anaplasma
Ehrichia
Rickettsia
Mycoplasma
Ureaplasma
Name the agar used to dx “pertusis” and “diphtheria”
-for Pertusis Bordet Gengou agar And Regan Lowe medium
For Diphtheria tellurite agar and loffler medium
Name the bacteria use type 3 secretion system
Pseudomonas
Salmonella
Shigella
E. coli
Name the organism which get toxin via transduction process
A strept erythrogenic toxin
B botulinum toxin
C cholera toxin
D diphtheria
S shiga toxin
Important point
Vibrio cholera and Enterotoxigenic E. coli (heat labile)
Both over-activates adenylate cyclase—> increases cAMP—>increases Cl secretion in gut and H2O efflux
-Pertusis increases cAMP by disabling “Gi”
Important point
Superantigens causing shock occur in Stap aureus and Step pyogenes
Former have TSST 1 and latter have erythrogenic exotoxin A
Name the virulent factor in Tb which -ve phagosome lysosome fusion
Sulfatides
Important point
All E. coli ferment sorbitol And Gluoronidase except EHEC
What is buboes?
Ulcer lymph nodes seen in lymphogranuloma Venereum
Major d/f between Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis
Former have monocytes with morulae
Latter have granlocytes with morulae
Name the medicine for cryptosporidium
Nitazoxanide given in immunocompetent host
-Oocyst visible on acid fast stain
Name the medicine for amebiasis
-trophozoites or cyst up to 4 nuclei in stool
Metronidazole
Also paromomycoin OR iodoquinol for asymptomatic cyst passers
Name the medicine for African sleeping sickness
Trypomastigote in blood smear
Suramin for blood-bome disease or
melarsoprol for CNS penetration
Triad; sleep, recurrent fever and enlarged lymph nodes
Triad for babesia
Fever
Hemolytic anemia
And increased risk in asplenia
Name the medicine for T-cruzi
Benznidazole Or Nifurtimox
What is hallmark for T-cruzi?
U/L Peri-orbital swelling (Romana sign)
What is the triad for kala azar?
Hepatosplenomegaly
Pancytopenia
Spiking fever
Name the cutaneous nematodes(round worm)
ANS
A= Ancylostoma
N= Necator
S=Strongyloides
Name the ingested nematodes
EAT
E = Enterobius A = ascaris T = Trichinella, Toxocara, trichuris
Name the bites nematodes
WOL
W = vVuchereria bancrofti
Loa loa,
Onchocerca volvulus,
Important point for t/m of round worm
For all round worm given bendazoles
Except;
-Loa loa And vVuchereria bancrofti Give diethylcarbamazine
-Strongyloides And Onchocerca Give Ivermectin
Triad for trichinella
Muscle pain
Fever
Periorbital Edema
Name the nematode which cause pruritic, serpiginous rash from walking barefoot on contaminated beach
Ancylostoma spp, Necator americanus (hookworms
Triad of whipworm also known as trichuris
Anemia signs
Loose stools
Rectal prolapse in kids
Triad for Onchocerca Volvulus
Skin changes
Loss of elastic fibers
And River “blindness”
(Black flee black eyes and black skin)
Name the triad of loa loa
Fly (Deer/ horse/mango)
Swelling in skin
Worm in conjunctiva
Triad for toxocara
Painful heart
Fits or coma
Blindness with features for liver
T/m for tapeworms and flukes
Praziquantel
Except;
- Dog worm albendazole
- For neurocysticercosis albendazole
Important point
Body lice can transmit
- Rickettsia prowazekii (epidemic typhus),
- Borre/ia recurrentis (relapsing fever),
- Bartone/la quintana (trench fever).
Treatment includes pyrethroids, malathion, or ivermectin lotion, and nit 1J combing.
Children with head lice can be treated at home without interrupting school attendance
Name the tapeworm which cause fits and shows cystic lesion in brain
Taenia solium
Patho gnomic feature of schistosoma
Periportsl pipestem fibrosis
Name the systemic mycoses whose size larger than RBCs
Coccidioidomycosis And Para Coccidioidomycosis
Features of para Coccidioidomycosis
Much cutaneous or skin ulcer
-Cells covered in budding blastocondia
-Captain wheel shape
Name the systemic mycoses who shows erthyema nodosum or multiforme
Pain in joints.
Meningitis Sx
Coccidioidomycosis
All these occur in desert
What is the second name of blastomycosis?
Broad based budding
Also form granulomatous nodules so can Involve lungs
Verrucous skin lesion stimulate SCC
Name the systemic mycoses whose symptoms are splenomegaly and ulcer in tongue or palate
Histoplasmosis
SSx mimics TB
D/f between lesion of tinea cruris and corporis
Red scaling rings and central clearing in T-corporis
-W/o central clearing T-cruris
Rice love by B Cerus
But perfringens hate reheated meat
E. coli loves to eat uncooked meat
Aureus use mayonnaise on meat and in custard
Listeria wants to move then it used me deli meats and soft cheeses
Milk is contaminated so Yesenia get angry but if unpasteurised campylobacter will be happy
Rice love by B Cerus
But perfringens hate reheated meat
E. coli loves to eat uncooked meat
Aureus use mayonnaise on meat and in custard
Listeria wants to move then it used me deli meats and soft cheeses
Name the organism that cause pneumonia in hospital medicine h
Aureus
Pseudomonas
Name the bacteria which infect surgical wounds / decubitus ulcer and drains
Aureus
And gram -ve anaerobes which causes aspiration pneumonia
Name the bacteria which cause IV catheter site infection
Aureus also MRSA
EPIDERMIS LONG term
And Enterobacter
Name the virus which cause after renal dialysis
HBV HCV
Pt get infection after urinary catheterisation
Proteus
E. coli
Klebsiella
What is staccato cough?
A repetitive cough with short, staccato sounds is a characteristic sign of the lung infection chlamydial pneumoni
Name the spirochete who have hook shaped end found in water contaminated with animal urine
Leptospirosis
Triad of leptospirosis
Pain in muscles especially calf
Conjunctival shows redness without exudate
Jaundice with photophobia
Triad of Weil disease
Fever with haemorrhage
Jaundice
Azotemia due to kidney
Hallmark of klebsiella
Very mucoid colonies caused by abundant polysaccharide capsule
Elek Test for toxin and metachromatic granules are feature of
Diphtheria which shows black colonies on cystine tellurite agar
MOA Of cyclosporine
Calcineurin inhibitor;
binds cyclophilin.
Blocks T-cell activation by preventing IL-2 transcription.
Main adverse effects of cyclosporine
Nephrotoxicity
gingival hyperplasia,
hirsutism.
MOA Of Tacrolimus
Calcineurin inhibitor;
binds FK506 binding protein (FKBP).
Blocks T-cell activation by preventing IL-2 transcription.
Main Adverse effects of tacrolimus
Nephrotoxic
Diabetes risk
No hair growth or gums growth
MOA Of sirolimus (Rapamycin)
mTOR inhibitor;
binds FKBP
Blocks T-cell activation and B-cell differentiation by preventing response to IL-2.
Main indication of sirolimus
Kidney transplant rejection prophylaxis specifically.
Main Adverse effects of sirolimus
PanSirtopenia” (
pancytopenia),
insulin resistance,
hyperlipidemia;
Thrombopoietin analogs
Romiplostim (TPO analog),
eltrombopag (TPO receptor agonist)
Alemtuzumab acts on which marker
CD52
