Skin

Question 1

4 cell types in epidermis

Answer 1

1. keratinocytes
2. merkel discs
3. meloncytes
4. langerhans/dendritic

Question 2

does the epidermis have a blood supply?

Answer 2

no

Question 3

function of epidermis

Answer 3

strength and barrier to water loss + infection

Question 4

how are keratinocytes connected?

Answer 4

via desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

Question 5

origin of keratinocytes

Answer 5

ectoderm

Question 6

origin of melanocytes

Answer 6

neural crest

Question 7

where in the epidermis are melanocytes located?- 2

Answer 7

basal layer and hair bulb

Question 8

via which enzyme do melanocytes create melanin?

Answer 8

tyrosinase

Question 9

function of melanine

Answer 9

protect cell nucleus from harmful UV light

Question 10

what is albinism

Answer 10

melanocytes cannot produce melanin due to lack of tyrosinase

Question 11

benign and malignant skin cancers

Answer 11

benign = lentigos 
malignant = nevi`

Question 12

origin of langerhans

Answer 12

mesoderm

Question 13

where in the epidermis are langerhans cells found

Answer 13

upper and middle spinous layer

Question 14

function of dendritic/langerhans cells

Answer 14

phagocytotic

Question 15

origin of merkel cells

Answer 15

ectoderm

Question 16

where in the epidermis are merkel cells found

Answer 16

basal layer

Question 17

function of merkel cells

Answer 17

light, touch and pressure receptors

Question 18

how many layers of epidermis;

i) thick skin
ii) thin skin

Answer 18

i) 5

ii) 4

Question 19

name for shedding of skin cells

Answer 19

desquamation

Question 20

protein found in granular layer of epidermis

Answer 20

filaggrin

Question 21

function of filaggrin

Answer 21

retains water in keratinocytes as barrier

Question 22

which 2 diseases are caused by mutations in filaggrin?

Answer 22

asthma and atopic dermatitis

Question 23

5 layers of skin top to bottom

Answer 23

Basale
Spinosum
Granulosum 
Lucidum 
Corneum

Question 24

which layer of epidermis is only in thick skin

Answer 24

stratum lucidum

Question 25

4 cells in S. basale

Answer 25

stem
keratinocytes
melanocytes
merkel

Question 26

4 cells in S.Spinosum

Answer 26

keratinocytes
desmosomes
prickle
langerhans

Question 27

in which epidermal layer do keratinocytes begin to die

Answer 27

S. granulosom

Question 28

where is the cornified envelope?

Answer 28

epidermis - S. Granulusom

Question 29

function of cornified envelope

Answer 29

separates layers of inner active cells and outer layers of dead keratinocytes

Question 30

which epidermal layer do K exit mitosis?

Answer 30

S.Spinosum

Question 31

what are corneocytes? where are they?

Answer 31

epidermal S. lucidom - dead keratinised cells

Question 32

in what strata are keratin fibres produced and lamellar bodies formed?

Answer 32

S. spinosum

Question 33

in what strata do lamellar bodies release lipids?

Answer 33

S. granulosum

Question 34

is the dermis vascularised?

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

in what skin layer are hair follicles, seb glands and sweat glands produced

Answer 35

Dermis

Question 36

2 layers of dermis - state upper and lower

Answer 36

upper - papillary

lower - reticular

Question 37

what protein is contained in dermal layers

Answer 37

collagen

Question 38

fingerlike projections in papillary dermal layer

Answer 38

dermal papillae

Question 39

what 3 things do dermal papilllae contain

Answer 39

1. free nerve endings
2. light touch receptors (m-corp)
3. capillary loops

Question 40

what pressure + stretch receptors are contained in reticular layer

Answer 40

pacinian corp + ruffini endings

Question 41

3 types of cell i dermis

Answer 41

1. fibroblasts
2. mast cells
3. dermal macrophages

Question 42

what disease of the skin are mast cells the main effector?

Answer 42

urticaria

Question 43

major tissue in hypodermis

Answer 43

adipose

Question 44

function of hypodermis

Answer 44

shock absorber

Question 45

which layer of skin thickens with weight gain?

Answer 45

hypodermis

Question 46

muscle near hair shaft

Answer 46

arrector pilli muscle

Question 47

what creates new hair cells

Answer 47

hair matrix

Question 48

dermal tissue containing capillaries

Answer 48

hair papilla

Question 49

3 stages in hair cycle

Answer 49

1. anagen
2. catagen
3. telogen

Question 50

growing hair phase

Answer 50

anagen

Question 51

degenerative hair phase

Answer 51

catagen

Question 52

resting hair phase

Answer 52

telogen

Question 53

condition of excessive hair growth

Answer 53

hirsuitism

Question 54

what causes hirsuitism

Answer 54

tumours of ovary and adrenal gland produce excess androgens

Question 55

what is poly-cystic ovary syndrome

Answer 55

benign cyst in ovary affecting hormones

Question 56

what is alopecia areata

Answer 56

immune system attacking hair follicles

Question 57

3 types of skin glands

Answer 57

merocrine
apocrine
holocrine

Question 58

type of skin gland - sebaceous glands

Answer 58

holocrine

Question 59

type of skin gland - sweat glands

Answer 59

apocrine and merocrine

Question 60

process of merocine glands

Answer 60

exocytosis

Question 61

process apocrine glands

Answer 61

lipids leaving in cell membrane fragments

Question 62

process of holocrine glands

Answer 62

rupture

Question 63

sweat secretion composition of merocrine sweat glands

Answer 63

watery - 1% salt

Question 64

sweat secretion composition of apocrine sweat glands

Answer 64

viscous and milky - fats and proteins

Question 65

which 2 places are apocrine sweat glands located?

Answer 65

axillary and anogenital