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SSM > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

4 cell types in epidermis

A
  1. keratinocytes
  2. merkel discs
  3. meloncytes
  4. langerhans/dendritic
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2
Q

does the epidermis have a blood supply?

A

no

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3
Q

function of epidermis

A

strength and barrier to water loss + infection

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4
Q

how are keratinocytes connected?

A

via desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

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5
Q

origin of keratinocytes

A

ectoderm

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6
Q

origin of melanocytes

A

neural crest

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7
Q

where in the epidermis are melanocytes located?- 2

A

basal layer and hair bulb

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8
Q

via which enzyme do melanocytes create melanin?

A

tyrosinase

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9
Q

function of melanine

A

protect cell nucleus from harmful UV light

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10
Q

what is albinism

A

melanocytes cannot produce melanin due to lack of tyrosinase

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11
Q

benign and malignant skin cancers

A 
benign = lentigos 
malignant = nevi`
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12
Q

origin of langerhans

A

mesoderm

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13
Q

where in the epidermis are langerhans cells found

A

upper and middle spinous layer

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14
Q

function of dendritic/langerhans cells

A

phagocytotic

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15
Q

origin of merkel cells

A

ectoderm

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16
Q

where in the epidermis are merkel cells found

A

basal layer

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17
Q

function of merkel cells

A

light, touch and pressure receptors

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18
Q

how many layers of epidermis;

i) thick skin
ii) thin skin

A

i) 5

ii) 4

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19
Q

name for shedding of skin cells

A

desquamation

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20
Q

protein found in granular layer of epidermis

A

filaggrin

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21
Q

function of filaggrin

A

retains water in keratinocytes as barrier

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22
Q

which 2 diseases are caused by mutations in filaggrin?

A

asthma and atopic dermatitis

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23
Q

5 layers of skin top to bottom

A 
Basale
Spinosum
Granulosum 
Lucidum 
Corneum
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24
Q

which layer of epidermis is only in thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

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25
Q

4 cells in S. basale

A

stem
keratinocytes
melanocytes
merkel

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26
Q

4 cells in S.Spinosum

A

keratinocytes
desmosomes
prickle
langerhans

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27
Q

in which epidermal layer do keratinocytes begin to die

A

S. granulosom

28
Q

where is the cornified envelope?

A

epidermis - S. Granulusom

29
Q

function of cornified envelope

A

separates layers of inner active cells and outer layers of dead keratinocytes

30
Q

which epidermal layer do K exit mitosis?

A

S.Spinosum

31
Q

what are corneocytes? where are they?

A

epidermal S. lucidom - dead keratinised cells

32
Q

in what strata are keratin fibres produced and lamellar bodies formed?

A

S. spinosum

33
Q

in what strata do lamellar bodies release lipids?

A

S. granulosum

34
Q

is the dermis vascularised?

A

yes

35
Q

in what skin layer are hair follicles, seb glands and sweat glands produced

A

Dermis

36
Q

2 layers of dermis - state upper and lower

A

upper - papillary

lower - reticular

37
Q

what protein is contained in dermal layers

A

collagen

38
Q

fingerlike projections in papillary dermal layer

A

dermal papillae

39
Q

what 3 things do dermal papilllae contain

A
  1. free nerve endings
  2. light touch receptors (m-corp)
  3. capillary loops
40
Q

what pressure + stretch receptors are contained in reticular layer

A

pacinian corp + ruffini endings

41
Q

3 types of cell i dermis

A
  1. fibroblasts
  2. mast cells
  3. dermal macrophages
42
Q

what disease of the skin are mast cells the main effector?

A

urticaria

43
Q

major tissue in hypodermis

A

adipose

44
Q

function of hypodermis

A

shock absorber

45
Q

which layer of skin thickens with weight gain?

A

hypodermis

46
Q

muscle near hair shaft

A

arrector pilli muscle

47
Q

what creates new hair cells

A

hair matrix

48
Q

dermal tissue containing capillaries

A

hair papilla

49
Q

3 stages in hair cycle

A
  1. anagen
  2. catagen
  3. telogen
50
Q

growing hair phase

A

anagen

51
Q

degenerative hair phase

A

catagen

52
Q

resting hair phase

A

telogen

53
Q

condition of excessive hair growth

A

hirsuitism

54
Q

what causes hirsuitism

A

tumours of ovary and adrenal gland produce excess androgens

55
Q

what is poly-cystic ovary syndrome

A

benign cyst in ovary affecting hormones

56
Q

what is alopecia areata

A

immune system attacking hair follicles

57
Q

3 types of skin glands

A

merocrine
apocrine
holocrine

58
Q

type of skin gland - sebaceous glands

A

holocrine

59
Q

type of skin gland - sweat glands

A

apocrine and merocrine

60
Q

process of merocine glands

A

exocytosis

61
Q

process apocrine glands

A

lipids leaving in cell membrane fragments

62
Q

process of holocrine glands

A

rupture

63
Q

sweat secretion composition of merocrine sweat glands

A

watery - 1% salt

64
Q

sweat secretion composition of apocrine sweat glands

A

viscous and milky - fats and proteins

65
Q

which 2 places are apocrine sweat glands located?

A

axillary and anogenital

SSM (11 decks)

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