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SSM > Lower limb > Flashcards

Lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

3 Function of lower limb

A

locomotion, supporting body weight, balance

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2
Q

2 parts of the lower limb

A
  1. trunk

2. free LL segments

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3
Q

3 parts of trunk segment

A
  1. half of pelvic girdle
  2. gluteal and inguinal regions
  3. hip joint
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4
Q

3 parts of LL - give both names

A
  1. thigh (femoris)
  2. leg (Crus)
  3. Foot (pes)
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5
Q

term for leg

A

crural

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6
Q

term for top of foot

A

Dorsum

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7
Q

Term for hip area

A

coxal

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8
Q

hollow posterior knee

A

popliteal

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9
Q

term for calf

A

sural

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10
Q

sole of foot

A

plantar

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11
Q

back of hand

A

dorsum

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12
Q

function of deep fascia of LL

A

increases efficiency of vein compression

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13
Q

what is the fascia lata?

A

deep fascia of the thigh

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14
Q

what holds together the fascia lata laterally?

A

iliotibial tract

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15
Q

the fascia lata is formed by the conjoint aponeuroses of which 2 muscles?

A
  1. tensor fascia lata

2. gluteus maximus

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16
Q

name of opening in fascia lata

A

saphenous opening

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17
Q

what does the fascia lata continue as as it travels inferior to knee?

A

Crural fascia - deep fascia of the leg

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18
Q

where does the iliotibial tract run to and from?

A

iliac tubercle to anterolateral tibial tubercle

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19
Q

another name for anterolateral tibial tubercle?

A

gerdy’s tubercle

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20
Q

which margins does the falciform ligament cover on the saphenous opening?

A

superior, lateral and medial

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21
Q

what forms the medial margin of the saphenous opening?

A

cribiform fascia

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22
Q

describe the cribiform fascia; what does it allow passage of?

A

covers saphenous opening - allows passage of greater saphenous vein

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23
Q

what is dorsiflexion?

A

pointing toes up

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24
Q

term for moving toes down

A

plantar flexion

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25
Q

what is flexion of knee

A

bending knee backwards

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26
Q

3 compartments of fascia lata

A

anterior, posterior, medial

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27
Q

3 intermuscular septa of fascia

A

anterior, lateral, medial

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28
Q

movement of muscles in anterior compartment - fascia lata

A
  • flex hip

- extend knee (quads)

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29
Q

movement of muscles in posterior compartment - fascia lata

A
  • extend hip

- flex knee (hamstrings)

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30
Q

movement of muscles in medial compartment - fascia lata

A

adduct, flex and extend hip

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31
Q

what is supination of foot?

A

tilting foot on little toe

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32
Q

what is pronation of the foot/

A

titlting foot on big toe

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33
Q

3 compartments of crural fascia

A

anterior, posterior, lateral

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34
Q

3 septa of crural fasci

A

anterior, posterior, transverse

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35
Q

where does the transverse septum travel in the crural fascia

A

from the lateral side, between deep and sup posterior compartmetn to the tibia

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36
Q

movement of muscles in anterior compartment - crural fascia

A
  • dorsiflexion of foot

- supination of foot

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37
Q

movement of muscles in lateral compartment - crural fascia

A
  • plantar flexion of foot

- pronation of foot

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38
Q

movement of muscles in posterior compartment - crural fascia

A
  • knee flexion
  • plantar flexion of foot
  • pronation of foot
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39
Q

5 type of joints in LL

A
  1. pelvic girdle
  2. hip joints
  3. knee joints
  4. tibiofibular joint
  5. ankle joint
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40
Q

3 bones which make up pelvic girdle

A
  1. coccyx
  2. innominate
  3. sacrum
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41
Q

3 functions of pelvic girdle

A
  1. protect viscera
  2. allow attachment to LL
  3. stabilises back
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42
Q

how many joints in pelvis girdle?

A

4

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43
Q

what are the 4 joints of the pelvic girdle?

A
  1. sacroiliac
  2. sacrococcygeal symphysis
  3. pubic symphysis
  4. lumbosacral junction
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44
Q

what 2 bones does the lumbosacrol junction join?

A
  1. 5th lumbar vertebrae

2. sacrum

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45
Q

which 2 bones in the pelvic girdle are non-synvoial? what are the differences between the 2?

A
  1. public symphysis - immobile

2. sacrococcygeal symphysis - mobile

46
Q

which bone in the pelvic girdle is synvoial?

A

sacroiliac

47
Q

name pelvic ligament that travels up and down spinal column

A

ant and post longitudinal

48
Q

name pelvic ligament that extends from sacrum to coccyx

A

ant and post sacrococcygeal

49
Q

name pelvic ligament that extends from ilium to L4 and L5

A

iliolumbar

50
Q

name pelvic ligament that extends from sacrum to iliac

A

sacroiliac

51
Q

name pelvic ligament that extends from the tuberosities of the sacrum and the ilium

A

interosseous sacroiliac

52
Q

name pelvic ligament that extends between the 2 pubic bones

A

sup and inf pubic

53
Q

name pelvic ligament that extends from ASIS to pubic tubercle

A

inguinal

54
Q

name pelvic ligament that lies posterior sacrum

A

sacrotuberous

55
Q

name pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral sacrum and coccyx to the ishcial spine

A

sacrospinous

56
Q

which ligmanet creates sciatic foramen

A

sacrotuberous

57
Q

function of sacrotuberous

A

divides sciatic foramen transversely into greater and lesser

58
Q

where is the hip joint?

A

between femoral head and acetabalum

59
Q

what deepends the hip joint further?

A

acetabular labrum

60
Q

2 types of hip ligament?

A

intracapsular and extracapsular

61
Q

non cartilaginous part of acetabular labrum

A

transverse acetabular

62
Q

fold over the weak ligament of head of femur

A

synovial fold

63
Q

what does the synovial fold allow access to the head of the femur?

A

obturator artery

64
Q

2 intracapsular hip joint ligaments

A
  1. transverse acetabalur

2. weak ligament of the head of femur

65
Q

3 extracapsular hip joint ligaments

A
  1. ant and sup iliofemoral
  2. ant and inf pubofemoral
  3. ischiofemoral
66
Q

where does the transverse acetabular span?

A

acetabular notch

67
Q

where does the weak ligament of the femur span?

A

narrow edge - fovea of femur

wide - acetabular notch

68
Q

what is the strongest ligament in the body? where is it?

A

ant and sup iliofemoral - hip joint

69
Q

function of pubofemoral ligament

A

prevents over abduction

70
Q

why are hip/femur fractures common in females >60

A

weak femur head due to osteoporosis

71
Q

2 causes of femur fracture

A
  1. trauma

2. osteoarthritis

72
Q

what is a congential hip dislocation

A

when the femur head has been pushed out of the socket

73
Q

what does superior dislocation of the femur head inhibit?

A

abduction of hip

74
Q

name for condition where hip drops during walking

A

positive Trendelenburg sign

75
Q

treatment for congential hip dislocation

A

pavlik harness

76
Q

what else can cause positive Trendelenburg sign

A

Superior gluteal nerve injury

77
Q

which types of acquired hip dislocations can occur

A

posterior and anterior

78
Q

what else can be injured in a posterior acquired hip doislocation?

A

sciatic nerve injury

79
Q

where is the subinguinal space?

A

deep to inguinal ligament

superficial to pubic bone

80
Q

2 compartments of subinguinal space

A
  1. lateral muscular

2. medial vascular

81
Q

margins of lateral muscular sub-I space

A

inguinal ligament
ASIS
iliopectineal arch

82
Q

what is the iliopectineal arch a thickening of?

A

iliopsoas fascia

83
Q

margins of medial vascular sub-I space

A

inguinal ligament
iliopectineal arch
lacunar ligament

84
Q

what is the medial vascular sub-I space lined by

A

femoral sheath

85
Q

compartments of medial vascular sub-I space- how are they separated?

A

lateral, central, medial

septa of femoral sheath

86
Q

what is the opening of the femoral canal called?

A

femoral ring

87
Q

what does the lateral muscular sub-I space contain? 3

A

iliopsoas
fem nerve
lateral fem cutaneous nerve

88
Q

what is iliopsoas made out of

A

iliacus and psoas major

89
Q

in which compartment is the fem vein?

A

medial compartment of medial vascular sub-I space

90
Q

what is contained in the lateral compartment of the medial vascular sub-I space

A

fem artery

91
Q

what is contained in the medial compartment of the medial vascular sub-I space

A

femoral canal

92
Q

what does the femoral triangle contain?

A
  1. fem nerve and branches

2. fem sheath and contents

93
Q

margins of femoral triangle

A

inguinal canal
sartorius
adductus longus

94
Q

where does the adductor canal lie?

A

apex of femoral triangle

95
Q

function of adductor canal

A

allows fem A+V to travel inferiorly to become popliteal A+V

96
Q

what is a femoral hernia?

A

when tissue pokes through the saphenous opening

97
Q

which anterior rami make up lumbar plexus?

A

L1-L4

98
Q

name 7 nerves in lumbar plexus

A
  1. iliohypogastric
  2. ilioinguinal
  3. Genitofemoral
  4. lateral femoral cutaneous
  5. femoral
  6. Obturator
  7. lumbosacral trunk
99
Q

Origination of iliohypgastric nerve

A

posterior L1

100
Q

Origination of ilioinguinal nerve

A

posterior L1

101
Q

Origination of genitofemoral nerve

A

anterior L1

102
Q

Origination of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A

posterior L2 and L3

103
Q

Origination of femoral nerve

A

Posterior L2-4

104
Q

Origination of obturator nerve

A

Anterior L1, L3 L4

105
Q

Origination of lumbosacral trunk

A

L5

106
Q

which nerve supplies muscles of anterior compartment of thigh

A

Femoral

107
Q

which nerve supplies muscles of medial compartment of thigh - except which muscle?

A

obturator

except hamstrings of adductor magnus

108
Q

8 nerves of the sacral plexus

A
  1. sup gluteus
  2. inf gluteus
  3. N to piriformis
  4. N to quadratus femoris
  5. N to obturator internus
  6. pundendal
  7. smaller cutaneous nerce
  8. coccygeal
109
Q

what 2 muscles do superior gluteus supply?

A

Glut medius and maximus

110
Q

what muscle does inferior gluteal supply?

A

glut maximus

SSM (11 decks)

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