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SSM > 11-13. Auditory system > Flashcards

11-13. Auditory system Flashcards

1
Q

The stapes converts pressure waves in air to fluid via the:

A

oval window

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2
Q

where is the basilar membrane?

A

cochlear

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3
Q

what do we use for detecting linear acceleration?

A

saccule

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4
Q

which responds best to movements in the horizontal plane? utricle or saccule?

A

utricle

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5
Q

where would you find the otolith crystals?

A

ototholic gelatinous membrane

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6
Q

what nerve carries sensory info from the otolith organs?

A

CN VIII

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7
Q

definition of sound

A

audible variations in air pressure

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8
Q

what is intensity

A

the amplitude of a wave - the difference in pressure between compressed and rarefied pathed of air in a sound wave.

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9
Q

what does intensity determine?

A

loudness

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10
Q

what is frequency?

A

The number of waves per second (Hz)

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11
Q

what does frequency determine?

A

pitch

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12
Q

name of external ear

A

auricle

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13
Q

channel from external ear to tympanic membrane

A

external acoustic meastus

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14
Q

what separates the outer and middle ear?

A

tympanic membrane

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15
Q

is the middle ear fluid or air?

A

air

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16
Q

names of 3 auditory ossicles?

A

malleleous, incus, stapes

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17
Q

what does the stapes hit ?

A

oval window

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18
Q

trunk of the cochlear

A

vestibule

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19
Q

what is at the end of the vestibule?

A

semi-circular canals

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20
Q

what occurs in the infection of the middle ear?

A

fluid builds up which prevents the movement of the auditory ossicles

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21
Q

where is the receptor organ for hearing?

A

cochlear

22
Q

name of receptor organ for hearing?

A

spiral organ of Corti

23
Q

what does the spiral organ of Corti contain?

A

hair cells

24
Q

name 2 muscles of middle ear

A

tensor tympani

stapedius

25
Q

describe the attenuations reflex

A

the contraction of the ear muscles in respond to a loud noise. this prevents movement of the ossicles to avoid damage to the oval window.

26
Q

what can cause conductive hearing loss (2)

A
  1. scar tissue from infection

2. otosclerosis (proliferation of bone tissue)

27
Q

describe the process of sound in the basilar membrane in steps

A
  1. pressure changes move oval window
  2. moves perilymph in scala vestibuli
  3. move reissner’s membrane
  4. moves endolymph in scala media
  5. causes vibrations in the basilar membrane
28
Q

where are high freq located on the basilar membrane?

A

at the base

29
Q

3 spaces in the inner ear

A
  1. scala vestibuli
  2. scala media
  3. scala tympani
30
Q

name of fluid in

  1. scala vestibuli + tympani
  2. scala media
A
  1. perilymph

2. endolymph

31
Q

name of membrane which is below the scala vestibuli

A

reissner’s membrane

32
Q

which 2 membranes do the hair cells of the organ of corti lie?

A

basilar and tectorial

33
Q

function of vestibular system

A

balance and movement

34
Q

2 otolith organs

A

utricle and saccule

35
Q

name the 3 semicircular canals

A

anterior, posterior, horizontal

36
Q

what type of acceleration do the ototlith organs detect?

A

linear

37
Q

what type of acceleration do the semi-circular canaals detect?

A

angular/ rotational

38
Q

what are the semi-circular canals filled with?

A

endolymph

39
Q

what type of movements do the … detect?

i) utricle
ii) saccule

A

i) horizontal

ii) vertical

40
Q

which 2 layers do the hair cells lie between?

A

otolith gelatinous membrane and the macula membrane

41
Q

what is contained within the otolith membrane?

A

otolith crystals

42
Q

function of otolith crystals

A

allows a change in density of the membrane when we move - giving info about our orientation

43
Q

what is the ampulla?

A

swelling at base of semi-circular canals which contain the hair cells

44
Q

what is the cupula?

A

gelatinous membrane which contains sensory processes (hairs)

45
Q

movement of the stereocilia towards the kinocilium leads to opening or closing of the tip links?

A

opening

46
Q

what does the opening of the stereocilia links lead to in terms of K+ and depolarisation?

A

K+ influx into cell, depolarisation

47
Q

bending sterocilia away from the kinocilium leads to what?

A

reduced Ca2+ influx - below baseline rate

48
Q

Rotation of the head to the left will reuslt in activation of which horizontal canal; right or left?

A

left

49
Q

for a sound of 300Hz , which auditory processing would be used?

A

Both tonotopy and phase locking

50
Q

If a 6kHz sound came from the left side of the body what would we see;

a) Excitation in right MSO
b) Excitation in left MSO
c) Excitation in right LSO
d) Excitation in left LSO

A

d)Excitation in left LSO

51
Q

A person is turned to the left for 30 seconds (spinning). what would we see immediately after the rotation stops? saccadic (fast) movements of the eye to the right or the left?

which way is the endolymph turning at this point?

A

right as endolymph is moving to the left

SSM (11 decks)

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