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RUSVM Pathology I JB1 > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Cause of pustules

A

Leukocyte infiltrate

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2
Q

Characteristics of equine melanomas

A

Grey horses - lesions are usually progressive and mulicentric

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3
Q

Chemical Burns

A

Caused by body or wound secreations, application of drugs, exposure to acids, alkalies, soaps, detergents, or irritant plants

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4
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity

A

Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity

Manifestation = contact dermatitis, tubercular leasion and graft rejections

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5
Q

Melanoma

A

Dog, Horse, Angora Goat

Usually dark brown

Location, size, mitotic index, and cell morphology may help predict behavior

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6
Q

Suppurative/Pustular/Exudative/Neutrophilic lesions are associated with what types of disease

A

Bacterial

Auto-Immune

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7
Q

Disease and cause

A

Sarcoptic Mange

Sarcoptes scabiei

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8
Q

Histologic characteristics of allergic skin disease

A

Lymphocyte and eosinophillic dermatitis

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9
Q
A

Scale

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10
Q

Gross appearance of Discoid Lupus Erythematosis

A

Depigmentation

Erythema

Scaling

Erosion

Ulceration

Crusting

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11
Q

Pathological processes that could cause scale

A

Inflammation and Repair

Disorders of growth

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12
Q

MDx

A

Ulcerative/Exudative dermatitis

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13
Q

MDx

A

Neutrophilic dermatitis/folliculitis

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14
Q

Pathogenesis of sarcoptic mange

A
  • Burrow into stratum corneum
  • Intesnse pruritis through hypersensitivity mechanism
  • Self trauma, chronic irritation
  • Hyperkeratosis, lichenification, alopecia
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15
Q

Histological appearance of acral lick dermatitis

A

Not really a granuloma!

Epidermal hyperplasia

Granulation tissue

Fibrosis

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16
Q

Disease

A

Collagen Dysplasia

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17
Q

Gross appearance of insect bite hypersensitivity

A

Often includes papules

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18
Q

Disease

A

Zinc Responsive Dermatosis

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19
Q

Vesicle / Bulla

A

Palpable elevation filled with clear fluid

Vesicle - < 1cm

Bulla - > 1cm

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20
Q

Histological appearance of callus

A

Epidermal hyperplasia

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21
Q

Calcificaion of skin

A

Most common forms observed int he skin are both classified as dystrophic calcification

Chalky white, gritty to hard texture

Calcinosis cutis vs Calcinosis circumscripta

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22
Q

Disease

A

Hemangioma / Hemangiosarcoma

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23
Q

Hemangioma - Hemangiosarcoma

A

Young adult dogs

Due to solar radiation

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24
Q

Pox Virus Infections

A

Have gene product similar to epidermal growth factor → epidermal hyperplasia

Many cutaneous lesions only, some systemic and fatal

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25
Q
A

Plaque

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26
Q

Sarcoptic Mange

A

Highly contagious and zoonotic

Chronic dermatitis

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27
Q

Gross lesion progression from solar injury

A

Erythema → Blistering/Vesicles → Sloughing of necrotic skin

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28
Q

MDx

A

Neutrophilic / exucative dermatitis/folliculitis

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29
Q

Disease

A

Histiocytoma

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30
Q

Congential Hypopigmentation

A

Inherited lack of melanocytes

Piebalism

Albinism

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31
Q

Pathogenesis of Erythema Multifome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

A

Thought to involve type IV hypersensitivity towards antigens or the surface of keratinocytes inducing apoptosis

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32
Q

Disease

A

Sebacious Adenoma

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33
Q

Canine Leproid Granuloma

A

Mycobacterial Dermatitis

Transmission = fly bites?

Nodules involving dorsal pinna, less commonly other distal extremities

Short coated breeds - boxer

Self limiting

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34
Q

Ulcer

A

Loss of epidermis with exposure of dermis

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35
Q

Mdx

A

Cutaneous Infarcts

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36
Q

Dermatophytosis

A

Contagious - acquired by contact with scales shed from infected animals

Colonize keratin, do not need to invade tissue to cause disease

Self limiting in healthy animals, can become chronic/generalized in immunocompromised animals

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37
Q

Predisposing factors to dermatophytosis

A

Young or immunocompromised

Hot/humid environments

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38
Q

Melanin synthesis

A
  • Tyrosine → dihydroxyphenylalanine by Tyrosinase
  • Dihydroxyphenylalanine → melanin
  • Melanin packaged into melanosomes
  • Melanosomes transferred to epithelial cells or melanophages
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39
Q

Disease

A

Actinomycete Mycetomas

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40
Q

Wheal

A

Elevated, irregular shaped area of cutaneous edema, solid, transient

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41
Q

Insect Bite Hypersensitivity

A

Type I and or Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction

React to saliva of insect

Distribution depend on areas favored by insect - can become generalized

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42
Q

MDx

A

Ulcerative dermatitis/ cheilitis

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43
Q

Disease

A

Pyotraumatic Dermatitis

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44
Q

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex

A

Cats

Not a disease - Pattern of lesions

Indolent ulcer

Eosinophillic plaque

Eosinophilic granuloma

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45
Q

MDx

A

Chronic locally extensive cutaneous ulcer

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46
Q

Disease

A

Cutaneous Habronemiasis - Summer Sores

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47
Q

Actinomycete Mycetomas

A

Bacteria introduced by traumatic injury

Form large clumps - grossly evident as “sulfur granules”

Nodules, ulceration, draining sinuses, involvement of unerlying bone

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48
Q

Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma

A

Usually secondary condition

Bacterial infection of superficial follicles and adjacent skin

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49
Q

What secondary condition is commonly associated with flea bite hypersensitivity

A

Pyotraumatic dermatitis - secondary to self trauma associated with pyoderma

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50
Q
A

Ulcer

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51
Q
A

Vesicle / Bulla

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52
Q

Disease and Cause

A

Purpura hemorrhagica

Streptococcus equi

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53
Q

Disease

A

Equine Sarcoid

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54
Q

Scale

A

Accumulation of loose keratinized cells

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55
Q

Granulomatous lesions are associated with what type of diseases

A

“Higher” Bacteria

Mycobacteria

Fungal

Foreign Substance

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56
Q

Nodules

A

Palpable, solid elevated mass > 1 cm and deeper than papules

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57
Q

Conditions grossly indistinguishable from Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma

A

Demodicosis

Dermatophytosis

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58
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Verrucous and ulcerated

Poorly pigmented, sparsley haired, sun exposed areas

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59
Q

Causative agent of what disease

A

Dermatophilosis

____________________

Dermatophilus congolensis

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60
Q

Cause of Canine Leproid Granuloma

A

Saprophytic mycobacteria

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61
Q

Lichenification

A

Thickening and hardening of the skin

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62
Q

Localized Hyperpigmentation

A

Chronic inflammation or physical irritation

Congenital

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63
Q

Superficial Pyoderma Diseases

A

Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma - Bacterial Folliculitis

Impetigo - Superficial Pustular Dermatitis

Greasy Pig Disease

Dermatophilosis

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64
Q
A

Nodule

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65
Q

Histiologic changes that can lead to the formation of vesicle/bulla

A

Intercellular edema - “spongiosis”

Intracellular edema - “hydropic degeneration”

Disruption of intercellular junctions - “acantholysis”

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66
Q
A
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67
Q

T/F: Degenerative/Necrotic lesions are the only pathological processes that cause ulceration

A

False

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68
Q

Eosinophilic Granulomas

A

Grossly similar to non-eosinophilic granulomas

Often see collagenolysis due to proteolytic enzymes of eosinophil granules

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69
Q

Disease

A

Discoid Lupus Erythematosis

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70
Q

Disease

A

Primary Idiopathic Seborrhea

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71
Q

Cause of dermatophytosis

A

Epidermophyton microsporum

and

Trichophyton spp

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72
Q

Pathogenesis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Solar radiatoin, chronic injury commonly involved

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73
Q

Calcinosis circumscripta

A

Young, rapidly growing, large breed dogs

Single hard subcutaneous nodule, usually over pressure points or at previous site of trauma/injection

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74
Q

Disease

A

Allergic Skin Disease - Atopy

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75
Q

MDx

A

Exudative dermatitis

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76
Q

Mucinosis

A

Mucin is normally in the dermis - protein bound to hyaluronic acid

Thickened / puffy gelatinous skin

If severe can exude viscous fluid when pricked with needle

Prone to injury

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77
Q

Pathological processes that cause crust

A

Degeneration / Necrosis

Inflammation and Repair

Disorder of Growth

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78
Q

Crust

A

Dried exudate, serum, blood and scale that is adhered to the skin surface

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79
Q

Primary ____________ often lead to degeneration/necrosis

A

Circulatory disorders

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80
Q

Causes of Vesicles/ Bulla

A

Auto-Immune Dermatoses

Viral Infections

Chemical Irritants

Burns

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81
Q

Eosinophillic Granuloma

A

Nodules - may be ulcerated - on thighs, face or mouth

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82
Q

Mdx

A

Ulcerative dermatitis

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83
Q

Disease

A

Dermatophilosis

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84
Q

Cytology of Histocytoma

A

Round cells

Langerhans cell origin

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85
Q

Subepidermal Vesicle

A

Entire epidermis separates from the dermis and forms the roof

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86
Q

MDx

A

Grade II soft tissue sarcoma

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87
Q

Mdx

A

Generalized subcutaneous edema

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88
Q

Spongiosis

A

Intercellular Edema

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89
Q

Disease

A

Acral Lick Dermatitis

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90
Q

Feline Leprosy

A

Mycobacterial Dermatitis

Cats in cold, wet areas

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91
Q

Disease

A

Alopecia

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92
Q

Infarcts

A

Sharply demarcated geometrical shaped dark red to blue area

Becomes firm, dry, sunken, darkened - features of necrosis predominate

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93
Q

Disease

A

Cutaneous Soft Tissue Sarcoma

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94
Q

Mucinosis is seen with

A

Inherited in the Chinese Shar-Pei

Myxedema with Hypothyroidsim

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95
Q

Diagnostic tests used for Feline Leprosy

A

PCR

____________________

Does not grow in culture

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96
Q

Pathogenesis of Solar Injury

A
  • Direct cellular injury by ionizing radiation; endothelial damage and cytokine production may cause erythema of sunburn
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97
Q

MDX

A

Chronic and exudative dermatitis

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98
Q
A

Papule

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99
Q

Disease

A

Acral Lick Dermatitis

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100
Q

Vesicles are associated with what type of diseases

A

Viral Infections

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101
Q

Predisposing factors for dermatophilosis

A

Wet weather in humid climates (“rain rot”)

Prolonged wetting of skin/hair/wool allows penetration of epidermis by zoospores

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102
Q

Zinc Reponsive Dermatosis

A

Scaling around mouth, chin, eyes, pressure points and pawpads

Arctic breeds due to inherited defect in zinc absorption

Rapidly growing large breeds due to low zinc diet

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103
Q

Disease

A

Hypopigmentation

_______________________

Albinism

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104
Q
A

Pustule

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105
Q

Cutaneous Lymphomas

A

Poor prognosis

Epithelialtropic - T cells

Nonepitheliotropic - T or B cells

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106
Q
A

Crust

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107
Q

Epidermal Collarette

A

Circular rim of scale that occurs secondary to rupture of a vesicle, pustule or papule

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108
Q

Solar/Actinic Keratosis results in an increased risk for

A

Neoplasia due to direct DNA injury and subsequent mutations

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109
Q

Cause Actinomycete Mycetomas

A

Nocardia

Actinomyces sp

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110
Q

Hypopigmentation - Hypomelanosis

A

Melanocytopenic (decreased melanocytes) vs Melanopenic (decreased melanin)

Congenital vs Acquired

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111
Q

MDx

A

Eosinophilic and granulomatous dermatitis

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112
Q

Histiocytoma

A

Dogs - young

Head, ears, neck, distal forelimbs

Dome shaped

Benign often sponaneously regress

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113
Q

Later gross features of dermatitis

A

Scaling

Ulceration

Alopecia

Lichenification

Pigmentary change

Fibrosis/scarring

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114
Q

Greasy Pig Disease

A

Exudative Epidermitis

Fatal in neonatal pigs

Erythema → Pustule → Crust

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115
Q

Disease

A

Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma

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116
Q

Disease

A

Opportunistic mycobacteriosis

_______________________________

Organisms more often found extracellularly

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117
Q

Gross lesions associated with allergic skin disease

A

Lesions due to self-inflicted trauma - erythema, alopecia, excoriation

Lesions due to secondary pyoderma - papules, pustules, crusts

Lesions due to chronicity - lichenification, hyperpigmentatin, scaling

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118
Q

Dermatophilosis is caused by

A
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119
Q

Eosinophilic lesions are associated with what type of diseases

A

Allergy

Parasitic

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120
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity

A

IgE mediated hypersensitivity

Typical manifestation - systemic anaphylaxis and localized anaphylaxis

Allergy

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121
Q

Arabian Fading Syndrome

A

Horses with vitiligo

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122
Q

Pathogenesis of Primary Idiopathic Seborrhea

A

Thought to involve hyperproliferation of the epidermis, hair follicle infundibulum and sebaceous gland

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123
Q

Pathogenesis of Papillomas

A

Viral gene activate host tumor-suppressor proteins

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124
Q

Urticaria involves what skin layers

A

Superficial dermis

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125
Q

MDx

A

Pustular, exudative dermatitis/cheilitis

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126
Q

Deep Pyoderma diseases

A

Bacterial Furunculosis

Abscesses

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127
Q

MDx

A

Neutrophilic dermatitis/folliculitis with intrafollicular mites and bacteria

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128
Q

Disease

A

Fungal dermatitis

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129
Q

Acanthosis

A

Increased thickness of stratums basale and spinosum

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130
Q

Second most common autoimmune skin disease

A

Discoid lupus erythematosis

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131
Q

Disease

A

Solar/Actinic Keratosis

132
Q

Examples of benign skin disorders of growth

A

Nodular Hyperplasia

Hamartoma

Cysts

133
Q

Dry from (seborrhea sica)

A

Dry skin and white to grey scales that exfoliate

134
Q

Disease

A

Mast Cell Tumor

135
Q

Type III Hypersensitivity

A

Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity

Manifestation - localized arthus reaction and generalized reactions such as serum sickness, necrotizing vasculitis and glomrulonephritis

136
Q

Pustules and Crust are indicative of what pathological process

A

Inflammation and Repair

137
Q

Mdx

A

Cutaneous hyperpigmentation

_______________________

D/t Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s Disease)

138
Q

Calcinosis cutis

A

Associated with hyperadrenocorticism

Erythematous to white gritty plaques and nodules

139
Q

MDx

A

Eosinophillic and granulomatous dermatitis

140
Q

Vitiligo

A

Idiopathic acquired melanocytopenic hypomelanosis (depigmentation)

Gradual expanding pale macules - symmetical

Genetic inheritance

141
Q

Types of Cutaneous Soft Tissue Sarcomas

A

Fibrosarcoma

Nerve Sheath Tumor

Malignant Firbous Histiocytoma

Liposarcoma

Myxosarcoma

142
Q

Mdx

A

Chronic dermatitis and cutaneous hyperpigmentation

______________

D/t chronic flea allergy dermatitis

143
Q

Characteristics of canine melanomas

A

Oral, mucocutaneous, subungual lesions are typically malignant

Lesions on haired skin are often benign

144
Q

Demodicosis

A

Lesions vary by host/mite species

Distribution on the body

Neutrophilic to granulomatous

In dogs - localized vs generalized form

145
Q

Piebaldism

A

Foci of lack of melanocytes

146
Q

Tissue Pigment

147
Q

Pathogenesis of pyotraumatic dermatitis

A

Self trauma → Bacterial infection

OR
Underlying pruruits (Flea Allergy Dermatitis)
148
Q

Acquried Hypopigmentation

A

Copper deficiency

Destruction of melanocytes or melanin containing keratinocytes

149
Q

Disease

A

Photosensitization

150
Q

MDx

A

Multifocal exudative dermatitis

151
Q

Pathogenesis of Frost Bite

A
  • Formation of ice crystals which physically disrupt cells
  • Vasoconstriction and endothelial damage
  • Reduced blood flow
  • Thrombosis
  • Infarction
152
Q

Plaques

A

Coalesced papules

153
Q

Histological appearance of squamous cell carcinoma

A

Keratinizing squamous cells gone wild

154
Q

Stain used to detect fungal dermatitis

155
Q

Pathogenesis of Intertrigo

A
  • Closely apposed skin surfaces
  • Frictional trauma
  • Moisture
  • Opportunistic bacterial infections
156
Q

MDx

A

Papular, pustular dermatitis

157
Q

Disease

A

Canine Leproid Granuloma

158
Q

Causes of scale

A

Disorders of keratinization

Chronic dermatitis

159
Q

Greasy Form (Seborrhea oleosa)

A

Excessive brown to yellow lipids

160
Q

Disease

A

Actinomycete Mycetomas

161
Q

Deep Pyoderma

A

Involes the deep dermis

162
Q

Causes of lichenification

A

Chronic irritation/inflammation

163
Q

Collagen Dysplasia

A

Cutaneous Astehenia, Dermatosparaxis, Ehlers-Danlos

Skin is hyperextensible

164
Q

Disase

165
Q

Mdx

A

Cutaneous calcification

166
Q

MDx

A

Multifocal granulomatous dermatitis

167
Q

Equine Sarcoid

A

Common in young adult horses

Frequently involve sites of previous wounds

Invasive, high rate of recurrance, but do not metastasize

Variable range from nodular to plaque like to wart like

168
Q

Subcorneal Vesicle

A

Stratum corneum forms the roof of the vesicle

169
Q

Disease

A

Opportunistic Mycobacteriosis

170
Q

Pyotraumatic Dermatitis

A

Hot Spots

Very common in dogs

Moist, alopecic, slighly raised red well circumscribed lesions that lead to ulceration and crusting

171
Q

Degernateive/Necrotic lesion become ____________ over time as normal response to injury.

A

Inflammation and Repair

172
Q

Early gross features of dermatitis

A

Edema

Erythema

+/- pustules, crust vesicles

173
Q

Special stain used to disagnose what disease

A

Zn Stain

Canine Leproid Granuloma

______________________________

Stain shows acid fast bacilli within macrophages

174
Q

Eosinophillic Plaque

A

Discrete red to ulcerated plaques on abdomen or medial thigh

175
Q

Diagnostic technique used for opportunistic mycobacteriosis

A

Culture and Sensitvity

176
Q

Causes of eosinophilic granulomas

A

Parasite infection

Insect bite hypersensitivity

Foreign body reaction

177
Q

Most degeneration and necrosis skin cases have what features

A

Bacterial infection

Epidermal necrosis/ulceration

Leukocyte infiltrate

Thrombosis

178
Q

Pemphigus Foliaceious

A

Group of autoimmune diseases involving type II hypersensitivity against cell adhesion proteins (desmosomes)

Most common and milder form of pemphigus

Involves the face, ears, footpads and clawbeds

Vesicles, pustules, crusts, ulcers

Can be spontaneous, drug induced or associated with allergic skin disease

179
Q

Hydropic Degeneration

A

Intracellular Edema

180
Q

Disease

A

Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma

181
Q

Cause of demodicosis

A

Demodex spp mite

182
Q

Histologic findings of puppy strangles

A

Pyogranulomatous dermatitis

Panniculitis

+/- lymphadenitis

183
Q

Papule

A

Palpable, solid, elevated mass < 1 cm diameter

184
Q

Pyoderma

A

Clinical term encompassing several diseases

“Pus in the skin”

Usually bacterial infection involved

185
Q

MDx

A

Pustular to exudative dermatitis

186
Q

Generalized Hyperpigmentation

A

Endcrine dermatosis - change in [tyrosinase]

Acanthosis nigricans - genetically determinded disease

187
Q

Characteristics of 3rd degree thermal burns

A

Full thickness epidermis and dermis +/- subcutis

Sloughing of necrotic tissue, followed by granulation tissue

Scar; life threatening - fluid/protein loss and portal for sepsis

188
Q

Disease

189
Q

Disease and Cause

A

Hypotrichosis - Singy Calf

In utero BVD Infection

190
Q

MDx

A

Neutrophilic dermatitis

_____________________________

Seen with intertrigo

191
Q

Mdx

A

Multifocal cutaneous ecchymotic hemorrhages

192
Q

Miliary Dermatitis

A

Cats

Not a disease - Pattern of lesions

Small crusty erythematous papules

Associated with allergic skin disease

193
Q

Disease

A

Frost bite

194
Q

Pathological processes that could cause ulcers

A

Degeneration/Necrosis

Inflammation and Repair

Circulatory Disorders

Disorders of Growth

195
Q

Fungal Dermatitis

A

“Swamp Cancer”

Uncommon

Clinically resembles neoplasia… invasive lesions, involvement of regional lymph nodes

196
Q

Suprabasal vesicle

A

Portion of the epidermis forms the roof

197
Q

Depigmentation are characteristically what type of lesions

A

Immune mediated inflammatory lesions

198
Q

Proliferative lesions are associated with what type of disease

199
Q
200
Q

Disease

A

Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta

201
Q

Disease

A

Puppy Strangles

202
Q

Pathogenesis of purpura hemorrhagica

A

Type III hypersensitivity immune mediated vasculitis

203
Q

Causes of Infarcts

A

Vascultitis

Frost Bite

Toxins causing extreme vasconstriction (ergot)

204
Q

Mdx

A

Eosinophillic dermatitis with epidermal hyperplasia

_____________________________

Consistent with allergic skin disease

205
Q

Disease

A

Insect bite hypersensitivity

206
Q

Opportunistic Mycobacteriosis

A

Mycobacterial Dermatitis

Cause atypical mycobacteria

Facultative saprophytes - inhabitants of soil, water and decomposing vegetation

Rapid vs Slow Growing

Infection occur via wound contamination or traumatic implantation

207
Q

Interface lesions are associated with what type of diseases

A

Auto Immune

208
Q

Purpura hemorrhagica

A

Red or purple macules or patches (hemorrhage or infarct) in the skin or mucous membranes

209
Q

Cause of ulcers

A

Secondary to:

Epidermial necrosis

Inflammation

Infarction

Neoplasia

210
Q

Histological appearance of insect bite hypersensitvity

A

May have eosinophilic pustules, folliculitis or granulomas

211
Q

Disease and cause

A

Pseudo-lumpy Skin Disease

BHV-2

212
Q

MDx

A

Epidermal hyperplasia, dermal fibrosis and elastosis

213
Q

Disease

214
Q

Disease

A

Demodicosis

215
Q

Pattern

A

Milliary Dermatitis

216
Q

Disease

A

Intertrigo

217
Q

MDx

A

Pustular Dermatitis

218
Q

Pustule

A

Palpable elevation filled with pus

219
Q

Discoid Lupus Erythematosis

A

Induction/ exacerbation by UV light

Dorsal nose and nasal planum, pinnae, lips, periocular resion, oral mucosa

220
Q

Puppy Strangles - Juvenile Sterile Granulomatous Dermatitis

A

Pups < 4 months old

One or mre in litter

Pathogenesis unknown

Pustules, nodules, swelling of face, ears, mucocutaneous junctions

Fever and joint pain

221
Q

Pathogenesis of primary photosensitization

A
  • UV Light absorbed by photodynamic chemicals in the skin
  • Free radical damage
  • Epidermal necrosis of lightly pigmented or sparsely haired skin
222
Q

Causes of papules

A

Infiltrate of inflammatory cells

Infiltrate of neoplastic cells

Epidermal hyperplasia

Depostis of mineral

223
Q

Pathogenesis of Urticaria

A

Type I and III hypersensitivity ; mast cell degranulation causes focal edema, congestion and pruritis

224
Q

Mast Cell Tumor

A

Dogs - behavior vaires with grade but all considered potentially malignant

Cats and Horses - benign

Can look like anything

Often resembles inflammtion

225
Q

What special stain is used and what is it used to diagnose?

A

GMS or Grocott -Silver Stains

226
Q

Diagnose Canine Leproid Granuloma

A

Histopathology

PCR- if needed

____________________________

Difficult to culture

227
Q

Disease

A

Feline Leprosy

228
Q

Causes of crust

A

Severe disorders of keratinization

Severe pustular dermatitis

Secondary to ulcers

229
Q

Callus

A

Raised, irregular patch of thickened skin developing from chronic friction, usually over pressure points

230
Q

Idiopathic Sterile Granuloma and Pyogranuloma Syndrome

A

Rare

Cause unknown

Diagnosis of exclusion

231
Q

Solar Injury

A

Acute UV light exposure leads to sunburn

232
Q

Skin infections typically involve what bacterial species

A

Staphylococcus sp

__________________________

Exception - opportunistic gram negatives, and cases of dermatophilosis

233
Q

Disease

A

Arabian Fading Syndrome

234
Q
235
Q

Atopy

A

Type I hypersensitivity to environmental allergens

Distribution on ventrum, face and distal extremities

236
Q

Alopecia can be due to

A

Endocrine disorders

Hair cycle abnormalities

Excessive grooming

Self trauma

Autoimmune

General poor nutrition

Hyperkeratosis

Cicatricial alopecia

237
Q

Contact Dermatitis

A

Type IV hypersensitivity reaction - exposure via direct contact

Low molecular weight haptens present in chemicals require binding to cell associated proteins prior to being recognized by CD8+ T Lymphocytes

Distribution depends on site of contact - often poorly haired areas

238
Q

Disease

A

Greasy Pig Disease

239
Q

Diagnosis of Atopy

A

Intradermal Skin Testing

240
Q

Mdx

A

Proliferative dermatitis with “ballooning degeneration” and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies

______________________

Consistant with swine pox infection

241
Q

Disease and Cause

A

“Diamond Skin Disease”

E. rhusiopathiae

242
Q

Histological appearance of equine sarcoid

A

Composed of both epithelial and dermal components - need biopsy that is not ulcerated to diagnose

243
Q

Papillomas

A

Benign, spontaneously regress

Horny cauliflower like mass

Caused by papilloma virus

244
Q

Histologic feature of solar/actinic keratosis

A

Dermal fibrosis and comedones

245
Q

Allergic skin disease can be due to

A

Atopy

Food Allergy

Contact Hypersensitivity

Insect Bite Hypersensitivity

246
Q

Disease and Cause

A

Impetigo - Superficial Pyoderma

Bacterial infection secondary to immunosuppression/debilitation

247
Q

Mdx

A

Dermal fibrosis and epidermal hyperplasia

248
Q

Greasey Pig Disease is caused by

A

Staphylococcus hyicus

249
Q

Indolent Ulcer

A

Ulcers on upper lips

250
Q

Acral Lick Dermatitis

A

Lick Granuloma

Common in dogs

Extremities - circumscribed, hairless, and ulcerated

251
Q

Thermal Burns

A

Caused by exposure to excessive heat - hot liquids, flames, friction, electricity, heating pads, blow dryers, drying cages, and lightning

252
Q

Disease

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

253
Q

MDx

A

Chronic Dermatitis

254
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

A

More severe than Erythema Multiforme

Sheets of apoptotic/necrotic cells resembling a burn

255
Q

Cause of purpura hemorrhagica

A

Streptococcus equi infection

256
Q

Pattern

A

Eosinophilic granuloma complex

257
Q

Pathological process that cuases pustules

A

Inflammation and Repair

258
Q

Mdx

A

Deep pyoderma with bacterial furunculosis

Chin acne

259
Q

Erythema Multiforme

A

Milder than Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Single cell apoptosis +/- lymphocyte satellitosis

260
Q

Mdx

A

Multifocal cutaneous edema and congestion

261
Q

Portals for bacterial infection of skin

A

Pores - Follicular Openings

Hematogenous Spread

Direct entry through damaged skin

262
Q

Superficial Pyoderma

A

Epidermis and hair follicles

263
Q

Lipoma

A

Benign Growth of Dogs > Cats

Looks and feels like fat, only forming a nodule

264
Q

MDx

A

Eosinophilic pustular dermatitis with intralesional acantholytic keratinocytes

_______________________

Pemphigus folliaceious

265
Q

Mdx

A

Granulomatous dermatitis

266
Q

Disease

A

Ichthyosis

267
Q

Disease

A

Acute Solar Injury

268
Q

Two forms of epidermal hyperplasia

A

Acanthosis

Hyperkeratosis

269
Q

Cause of Sarcoptic Mange

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

270
Q

Cause of acral lick dermatitis

A

Persistant chewing or licking

271
Q

Type III (Hepatogenous) photosensitization can be caused by

A

Poor hepatic clearance of phylloerythrin - product of rumenal chlorophyll transformation

Toxins causing biliary obstruction

272
Q

Disease

273
Q

Histologic appearance of discoid lupus erythematosisi

A

Interface dermatitis

274
Q

Dermatophilosis

A

Lesions on back or distal extremities

Stimulate neutrophilic exocytosis

Pustule → Exudate → Matting of hair/wool → Alopecia

275
Q

Mdx

A

Granulomatous dermatitis

276
Q

Predisposing factors of bacterial infection of skin

A

Allergy

Disorders of keratinization - seborrhea

Immunodeficiency

Anatomic predispostion

277
Q

Hyperpigmentation - Hypermelanosis

A

Usually increase in amount of melanin rather than number of melanocytes

Generalized vs localized

278
Q

Causes of fungal dermatitis

A

Pythium

Lagenidium spp

279
Q

Mdx

A

Papular dermatitis

280
Q

Type I (Exogenous) Photosensitization can be caused by

A

Drugs or chemicals containing photosensitive chemicals

St Johns Wort, Lucerne, Perennial Ryegrass

TMS, Quinolones, Griseofulvin

281
Q

Localized form of demodicosis

A

Lesions present on forelimbs and face

Young dogs

Self limiting

282
Q

Angioedema involves what layers of the skin

A

Dermis and Subcutis

283
Q

Pathological process that could cause lichenification

A

Inflammation and repair

284
Q

Disease

A

Flea Bite Hypersensitivity

285
Q

Frost bite

A

Lesions in cold exposed extremiteis

Caused by exposure to cold temperature

286
Q

Why are bacterial skin infections common in dogs?

A

Thin stratum corneum

Lack of lipid seal of hair follicles

High skin pH

287
Q

Mdx

A

Chronic dermatitis

288
Q

Albinism

A

Melanocytes present but defect to synthesize melanin; color dilution is a mild form

289
Q

Diagnosis of fungal dermatitis

A

Cultrue and PCR

290
Q

Sebaceous Adenoma

A

Benign growth of dogs

White-yellow, greasy, cauliflower-like

291
Q

Histologic feature of solar/actinic keratosis

A

Dermal Elastosis

292
Q

Characteristics of 1st degree thermal burns

A

Epidermis

Reddend/darkened necrotic epidermis

Complete healing

293
Q

Urticaria - “Hives”

A

Localized areas of edema

Triggered by food, drugs, antisera, insect stings, etc

294
Q

Characterisitcs of 2nd degree thermal burns

A

Epidermis and dermis

Vesicle formation

Some adnexa are preserved allowing epidermal regeneration with some scarring

295
Q

MDx

A

Pyogranulomatous dermatitis

296
Q

Causes of developmental anomalies

A

Genetic defect

In utero infection

In utero exposure to teratogen

297
Q

Diagnostic techniques for Canine Superficial Speading Pyoderma

A

Cytology of pustule/crust

Woods Lamp

Fungal Culture

Skin Scrape

298
Q

MDx

A

Pustular, exudative dermatitis

299
Q

Acantholysis

A

Disruption of intercellular junctions

300
Q

Pathogenesis of secondary photosensitization

A
  • Light activates agents
  • Free radical damage
  • Epidermal necrosis of lightly pigmented or sparsely haired skin
301
Q

What pathological process causes vesicles/bulla

A

Degeneration / Necrosis

OR
Inflammation and Repair

302
Q

Type II (Intrinsic) Photosensitization can be caused by

A

Porphyria

Inherited deficiency of proporphyrinogen III cosynthetase

Defect in heme synthesis

Buildup of porphyrins

303
Q

Mdx

A

Vesiculo-ulcerative dermatitis

304
Q

Mdx

A

Superficial spreading pyoderma - a superficial pyoderma with bacterial folliculitis

305
Q

Cause

A

Primary hemostasis defect - vasculitis vs thrombocytopenia

306
Q

Sequence of lesion in pox viral infections

A

Macule → Papule → Vesicle → Umbilicated Pustule → Crust → Scar

307
Q

Characteristics of skin lesions caused by circulatory disorders

A

Discrete reddened areas

Lesions follow a linear pattern

Lesions are in geometrical shapes

Vascular lesions result in ischemia

308
Q

Equine sarcoid is caused by

A

Bovine Papilloma Virus

309
Q

Factors that influence production of melanin

A

Hormones

Genes

Age

Inflammation

310
Q

Primary Idiopathic Seborrhea

A

Inherited disorder of keratinization or cornification

Dry form Vs Greasy form

311
Q

Secondary hyperkeratosis can be due to

A

Endocrine imbalances

Chronic dermatitis

Zinc responsive

312
Q

Cause of Feline Leprosy

A

Mycobacterium lepraemurium

________________________

Obligate intracellular organism

313
Q

Generalized form of demodicosis

A

Familial with young dogs

Adult onset - associated with systemic disease such as neoplasia, endocrinopathy or immunosuppresive therapy

314
Q

Hypotrichosis

A

Less than the normal amount of hair

Hereditary most common

More susceptible to environmental extremes and infections

315
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity

A

IgG or IgM Mediated Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity

Manifestations - blood transfusion reactions, erythroblastosis fetalis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Auto-Immune

316
Q

Predisposing factors for Greasy Pig Disease

A

Other skin lesions

Poor nutriton/ husbandry

Lacerations

317
Q

Disease

318
Q

Cutaneous Soft Tissue Sarcomas - Spindle Cell Tumors

A

Very common in dogs

Multiple types

Prognosis predicted by grade and margins

Locally invasive, slow to metastasize

319
Q

Impetigo

A

Superficial Pustular Dermatitis

Nonfollicular pustules which develop into crusts

Prepubescent puppies - healthy

Adults - look for underlying cause

320
Q

Solar/Actinic Keratosis is caused by

A

Chronic (years) of UV light exposure

321
Q

Intertrigo

A

Skin Fold Pyoderma

322
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

Increased thickness of stratum corneum

Scaling “seborrhea”

Primary Vs Secondary

323
Q

Cutaneous Habronemiasis - Summer Sores

A

Cutaneous eosinophilic granulomas caused by larval migration of Habronema or Draschia sp deposited into a wound by house or stable fly

324
Q

Melanin

A

Pigment that imparts skin color

325
Q

Histological appearance of melanomas

A

Characteristic junctional change in nonulcerated biopsies

RUSVM Pathology I JB1 (18 decks)

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