Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of epithelium is the epidermis?

A

stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Basal layer of the epidermis

A

stratum basale (germinativum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of cells make up the stratum basale layer?

A

single layer of columnar or cuboidal shaped cells - which undergo mitotic division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Daughter cells of the stratum basale either become … or function as…

A

keratinocyes or function as stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do cells adhere to the basal lamina?

A

by hemidesmosomes and anchoring filaments (type VII collagen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the layer superior to the stratum basale?

A

stratum spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What types of cells is the stratum spinosum composed of?

A

multiple layers of polyhedral-shaped cells, joined to one another by numerous desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What in the stratum spinosum gives it the appearance of “spiny”?

A

desomosomes and their associated monofilaments as intracellular bridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What occurs in the deepest portion of stratum spinosum?

A

Miosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Synthesis of membrane-bounded membrane-coating granules called …., begins in the stratum spinosum.

A

lamellar bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the lipid-rich material in the lamellar bodies do upon exocytosis in the stratum granulosum?

A

coats the cell membrane of the keratinizing epithelium, making it relatively impermeable to water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The stratum granulosum is so named because of the appearance of dense, retractile, basophilic … in the cytoplasm

A

keratohyalin granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The strong basophilia of the stratum granulosum reflects the presence of RNA and acidic proteins which are precursors to the protein…

A

filaggrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Filaggrin is a protein which binds what? and in what process?

A

binds tonofilaments together in a process of keratinization. Desmosomes continue to bind cells together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the stratum granulosum cells are becoming …

A

flattened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The stratum lucidum is recognized in thick epidermis by its …

A

transparent refractile appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What has disappeared in the stratum lucidum?

A

nuclei and organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The thickest and most superficial stratum of thick epidermis

A

Stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the stratum corneum composed of?

A

scale-like, desiccated remnants of keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The cell membranes of the stratum corneum are thickened by the …

A

lipid-rich compound released from membrane-coating granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In the stratum corner the interior of the keratinized cell remnants is completely filled with filamentous material embedded in a dense matrix. Presumably this represents the …

A

coalescence of the tonofilaments and keratohyaline granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In the thin epidermis the stratum corneum appears …

A

thin and net-like rather than thick and compacted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In the thin epidermis what layer is not seen?

A

stratum lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Keratinocytes of what layers typically contain the pigment melanin?

A

basal and spinous layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where are the cell bodies of melanocytes located?

A

basal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Long cytoplasmic processes of melanocytes extending between the keratinocytes of what layer?

A

spinous layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Melanin is produced by oxidation of … within…

A

tyrosine within melanosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Lack of pigmentation, albinism, is due to lack of …

A

tyrosinases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What breaks down melanin in keratinocytes?

A

lysosomal activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Lysosomal breakdown of melanin in keratinocytes occurs most rapidly in …

A

light-skinned races

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Dendritic cells in the supra basal layers of the epidermis?

A

Cells of Langerhans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The cytoplasm of Cells of Langerhans is distinguished by rod or flask-shaped ….

A

Birbeck granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Cells of Langerhans are regarded as an …. cell, probably of bone-marrow origin.

A

antigen-presenting cell

34
Q

Cells of Langerhans migrate into dermis to… by interacting with lymphocytes in lymphatics

A

initiate immune response

35
Q

Modified keratinocytes, granule-containing cells

A

Merkel cells

36
Q

Merkel cells are regularly associated with …

A

nerve terminals

37
Q

Merkel cells have what function?

A

mechanoreceptive

38
Q

The dermis is a layer of … subjacent to the epidermis

A

connective tissue

39
Q

At the interface of the epidermis and dermis is the basement membrane which is the location of collagen types…, that help establish the strength of the dermal-epidermal junction.

A

Types III, IV, VII

40
Q

The papillary layer of the dermis is a layer of loosely textured connective tissue containing what types of collagen? along with elastic fibers.

A

Type I and Type III collagen

41
Q

What are the elastic fibers of the papillary dermal layer labeled as?

A

elaunin and oxytalan fibers

42
Q

The elastic fibers (elaunin and oxytalan) of the papillary dermal layer are rich in the protein …; also significant component of the periodontal ligament

A

fibrillin

43
Q

The papillary layer sends finger-like projections, the …, into the overlying epidermis.

A

dermal papillae

44
Q

The epidermis that lies between the dermal papillae is referred to as…

A

epidermal pegs or rete ridges

45
Q

In thick skin parallel arrays of dermal papillae cause ridges to be formed at the free surface of the skin; separated by grooves & run parallel to one another. They are the basis for fingerprints.

A

dermal ridges

46
Q

What in the papillary layer of the dermis provides oxygen and nutrient supply for the overlying epidermis?

A

capillary loops

47
Q

Sensor nerve endings located in the dermal papillae, that innervate…, which are sensory for touch and pressure

A

Meissener’s corpuscles

48
Q

The reticular layer of the dermis is the classic example of …

A

dense, irregularly arranged CT

49
Q

Which of the layers compromises the bulk of the dermis?

A

reticular layer

50
Q

The reticular layer of the dermis consists mainly of what, giving skin both its toughness and resiliency?

A

Type I collagen with a liberal sprinkling of elastic fibers

51
Q

What 3 things is the ground substance of the reticular layer of the dermis composed of?

A

hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate and dreamt sulfate

52
Q

Which layer of the dermis contains the appendages of skin, glands and/or hair follicles?

A

reticular layer

53
Q

The reticular layer of the dermis experiences a loss of what, with aging?

A

hyaluronic acid and associated water

54
Q

Hypodermis serves in certain locations as a major site for…

A

fat storage

55
Q

What transverse the hypodermic, connecting the dermis with the deep fascia?

A

collagenous septae & the retinacula cutis

56
Q

In what layer are the Pacinian corpuscles?

A

Hypodermis

57
Q

Pacinian corpuscles are structures with multiple layers of flattened cells enclosing sensor nerve endings; the corpuscles are mechanoreceptors sensitive to …

A

vibration and deep pressure

58
Q

What are the 2 types of sweat glands?

A

eccrine & apocrine

59
Q

Simple, tubular glands occurring over most of the body, independent of hairs.

A

Eccrine (merocrine) glands

60
Q

The secretory segments of eccrine glands are coiled and lined with …, which are described as “clear” or “dark” when examined by EM.

A

cuboidal/columnar cells

61
Q

What product do the dark cells of the eccrine glands secrete?

A

release a proteinaceous product

62
Q

Duct segments of sweat glands are lined with?

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

63
Q

Gland innervation of eccrine glands is?

A

cholinergic

64
Q

Larger simple tubular glands, distribution limited to axillary, circumanal regions, external genitalia, and areola and nipple of the mammary gland. Connect with hair follicles and become functional at puberty.

A

Apocrine glands

65
Q

The secretory segment of apocrine glands is lined with…, whose proteinaceous secretion is stored in a dilated-appearing lumen.

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

66
Q

Apocrine secretion contains …

A

pheromones

67
Q

Apocrine gland innervation is …

A

adrenergic

68
Q

Generally associated with hair follicles; closely associated with smooth muscle fibers may assist in rupture of secretory cells.

A

Sebaceous glands

69
Q

sebaceous glands have a simple acing form, with a short duct that empties into a neighboring …

A

hair follicle

70
Q

Sebaceous glands cells arise by … in the basal layer of the acinus.

A

mitosis

71
Q

As the cells of the sebaceous gland reach the duct, the lipid-packed cells degenerate creating …

A

sebum

72
Q

Sebaceous glands use what kind of secretion mechanism?

A

holocrine

73
Q

Hair follicles arise as ingrowths of the …

A

surface epithelium

74
Q

Continuous series of air pockets at the center of the hair

A

medulla

75
Q

dense, compacted “hard” keratin; the cells that give rise to the … undergo a process of keratinization

A

cortex

76
Q

layer of keratinized scale-like cells covering the hair

A

cuticle

77
Q

What attach to the hair follicles and are capable of erecting and extending them; basis of “goose bumps”?

A

arrector pili muscles, & delicate bundles of smooth muscle fibers

78
Q

The region where new nail is formed; can be seen through the nail at is base as the “moon”; is called the?

A

matrix

79
Q

If the … is destroyed, a nail will not regrow.

A

matrix

80
Q

What 2 skin appendages are not present in thick skin?

A

hair and sebaceous glands

Histology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions