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Histology > Circulatory > Flashcards

Circulatory Flashcards

1
Q

efferent side of circulatory system

A

arteries

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2
Q

afferent side of circulatory system

A

veins

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3
Q

What is the most prominent coat of arteries?

A

media

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4
Q

in larger arteries the … contains dozens of concentrically arranged, menstruated sheets of elastin, also referred to as laminae

A

tunica media

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5
Q

In large arteries … is a thin layer, compromised mostly of a network of collagen and elastic fibers with scattered fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

A

intima

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6
Q

In larger arteries … is a layer of irregularly arranged CT. It is rich in collagen fibers and has a coarser texture.

A

adventitia

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7
Q

nerves in the adventitia of larger arteries are called

A

nervi vasorum

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8
Q

small blood vessels in the adventitia of larger arteries are called

A

vasa vasorum

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9
Q

With aging there is a progressive decline of distensibility of the elastic arteries. This may be related to increased …

A

cross-linking within the component of elastin

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10
Q

What are the prominent layers in muscular or distributing arteries?

A

media and adventitia

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11
Q

In contrast to large arteries the muscular arteries have a … content of elastin and … are not present in the media.

A

elastin is greatly reduced; fenestrated sheets are not present

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12
Q

the outer boundary of the media in muscular arteries is often made prominent by an …., another condensation of elastic fibrils

A

esternal elastic membrane

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13
Q

the intima of muscular arteries is bound addict to the media by a prominent …, which represents a condensation of fibrils of elastin

A

internal elastic membrane

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14
Q

What layer of muscular arteries has fenestrations; thin and lined with flattened endothelial cells

A

intima

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15
Q

Atherosclerosis is characterized by the development of focal thickening (plaques) in the …

A

intima

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16
Q

plaque formation is initiated when … collect at sites of endothelial injury

A

monocytes

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17
Q

in plaque formation monocytes enter the intimate to differentiate into … which proceed to scavenge and digest LDL

A

macrophages

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18
Q

macrophages become laden with fat during plaque formation and become known as …

A

foam cells

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19
Q

small arteries are easily identifiable by their circular profile and prominent … containing several layers of concentrically arranged SM, with various fibers intermingling

A

media

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20
Q

In small arteries the SM content may form up to … layers

A

5

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21
Q

When the SM content is reduced to 1-2 layers, the vessel is classified as an …. There is no external elastic membrane

A

arteriole

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22
Q

The intimate of small arteries consists of …, opposed to a scalloped internal elastic membrane.

A

flattened endothelial cells

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23
Q

The adventitia of small arteries lacks … but vasomotor nerves continue to associate with thoughts layers of the media

A

vasa vasorum

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24
Q

in comparison to the small artery/arteriole its companion venue shows a much larger …, and little …

A

larger lumen; little SM content

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25
Q

Presence of … between endothelial cells and adjoining smooth muscle cells in arteries may serve as a conduction device that extend the influence of humoral factors circulated by the blood

A

gap junctions

26
Q

in capillaries numerous … may lie in close association to the basal lamina

A

reticular (type III colagen) fibers

27
Q

continuous endothelium of capillaries, arteries and veins is only interrupted at …

A

intercellular junctions

28
Q

The cytoplasm of the continuous endothelial cells is characterized by numerous … which provide for transcellular transport of large molecules and fluid between the plasma and tissue

A

endocytotic vesicles

29
Q

The continuous endothelial cells of brain capillaries are joined by …, no gaps are seen (blood-brain barrier)

A

zonulae occludentes

30
Q

A diaphramous structure containing … that repel anionic proteins in plasma appears to “close” the window (fenestrations of endothelium of capillaries)

A

proteoglycans

31
Q

Relatively undifferentiated cells with long cytoplasmic processes that tend to encircle capillary endothelium; contractile function; capable of differentiating into endothelial cells and SM during growth and repair

A

pericytes

32
Q

When damaged, endothelium can participate in thrombosis formation by release of von Hillenbrand factor from …

A

cytoplasmic Weibel-Palade granules

33
Q

What is the thickest layer of small veins (venues)

A

adventitia - composed of collagen and elastic fibers

34
Q

As venues increase in diameter, … become more numerous, and SM cells being to appear

A

pericytes

35
Q

What is the thickest coat in medium veins?

A

adventitia - contains abundance of collagen fibers

36
Q

The intima of medium veins lacks an

A

internal elastic membrane

37
Q

… are present in medium veins, representing folds of intimate

A

valves

38
Q

Blood flow may be directed from capillary beds by passing directly from arterioles to venues through …; prominent in skin; important in the regulation of heat loss a the body surface.

A

A-V anastomoses

39
Q

These structures represent atypical capillaries

A

sinusoids

40
Q

What coat is the most prominent in the the collecting vessels of the lymphatic system?

A

media

41
Q

What coat is the thickest in the lymph trucks (right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct)

A

media

42
Q

Endocardium is thickest in the … and thinnest in the …

A

atria; ventricles

43
Q

a surface layer of polygonal shaped cells, continuous with those of blood vascular system

A

endothelium

44
Q

moderately dense, irregular CT with fine collagen fibers superficially and many elastic fibers more deeply

A

subendothelial layer

45
Q

a relatively looser plan of CT, which is predominantly collagen fibers and continuous with the endomysium of the underlying myocardium

A

subendocardial layer

46
Q

Which layer of the walls of the heart receives innervations from both divisions of the ANS system?

A

myocardium

47
Q

The myocardium is much thinner in the … than the …

A

atria; ventricles

48
Q

The myocardium in the right ventricle is much … than that of the left ventricle

A

thinner

49
Q

terminal branches of the … pass from the endocardium into the myocardium and give rise to the profuse capillary system

A

coronary arteries

50
Q

Blood passes from the capillaries into the various cardiac veins, most of which terminate in the … of the epicardium

A

coronary sinus

51
Q

Nerves from the sympathetic and parasympathetic division of the ANS form the …

A

cardia plexus

52
Q

SA node is located in the … layer at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium

A

subepicardial layer

53
Q

The AV node and AV bundle lie in the … of the membranous portions of the inter ventricular septum

A

subendocardium

54
Q

Valves are covered on both sides by a layer of

A

endocardium

55
Q

valves contain a supporting layer termed the …, consisting of collagenous tissue that connects with the fibrous rings (annuli fibrosi) surrounding each valve orifice

A

fibrosa

56
Q

Fibrosa connects with the … in the case of the AV valve

A

chordate tendineae

57
Q

Valves also contain a layer of loose connective tissue termed the …

A

spongiosa

58
Q

sponges of valves is rich in … and is … in nature

A

proteoglycans; mucoid

59
Q

Contributes to a valve’s pliability and its ability to establish a seal during the cardiac cycle

A

spongiosa

60
Q

the sponges of the MV develops an exaggerated amount of the … leading the mitral valve prolapsed

A

mucoid tissue

61
Q

dense CT that connect the papillary muscles with the fibrous of the leaflets of the AV valves

A

chordate tendinea

Histology (8 decks)

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