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Semester 1- ToB > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What is vitiligo?

A

Depigmentation of the skin via autoimmune destruction of melanocytes

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2
Q

What is alopecia?

A

Autoimmune hair loss

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3
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

Made up of keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

4 layers: Stratum corneum, granular layer, prickle cell layer, basal layer

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4
Q

Where does keratinocyte mitosis mainly occur?

A

The basal layer

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5
Q

What is a corneocyte?

A

A differentiated keratinocyte
The main cells present in the stratum corneum
They have a major role in the barrier function of skin

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6
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

Cells which produce melanin, the main pigment for skin colour.

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7
Q

What are Langerhans cells?

A

Found in the prickle cell layer
Present antigens to T lymphocytes
Mediate immune reactions

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8
Q

What is Psoriasis?

A

A common skin disease involving a disorder of epidermal growth and differentiation.
Extreme proliferation of the basal layer

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9
Q

What is allergic contact dermatitis?

A

An over-reaction of the immune system when in contact with certain substances. Mediated by Langerhans cells

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10
Q

What is malignant melanoma?

A

A malignant tumour of melanocytes.

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11
Q

What is the dermis?

A

Tough, fibrous and vascular layer under the basal layer.

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12
Q

What is the dermis made up of?

A 
Extracellular matrix- collagens (type 1), elastin 
Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels
Mast cells
Nerves
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13
Q

What is a keloid?

A

Excessive scar tissue

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14
Q

What is a mast cell?

A

Cell containing numerous cytoplasmic granules containing histamine

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15
Q

What is a ‘pilosebaceous unit’?

A

A sebaceous gland

A hair follicle

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16
Q

What is acne?

A

The ducts of the sebaceous glands become obstructed. Sebum production increases and the skin becomes infected with harmless bacteria.

17
Q

What is a eccrine sweat gland?

A

Sweat glands surrounded by stratified cuboidal epithelia.

18
Q

What is an apocrine sweat gland?

A

Large sweat glands found in genital and submammary areas

19
Q

List the main functions of skin

A 
Barrier
Sensation
Vascular thermoregulation
Thermoregulatory sweating
Psycosexual communication
20
Q

List some ways in which skin can macroscopically vary from person to person

A

Colour
Hair
Wrinkling
Skin disorders

Semester 1- ToB (17 decks)

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