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Physical Diagnosis > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Skin Facts

A

Largest organ, important in homeostasis, protection, regulation of body temperature, and synthesis vitamin D

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2
Q

Pale skin may indicate

A

malnutrition, anemia, hypoglycemia, shock, low blood flow

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3
Q

Erythema may indicate

A

increased blood flow, fever, burns, infection, immune disorders, medication

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4
Q

Fifth Disease

A

AKA Slapped cheeks, localized erythemia

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5
Q

Malar Rash

A

AKA Butterfly rash, typical of systemic lupus erythematosus

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6
Q

Generalized erythemia, infectious condition

A

Staphlococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

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7
Q

Central cyanosis may indicate

A

Lung disease, congenital heart disease, abnormal hemoglobin

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8
Q

Peripheral cyanosis may indicate

A

Decreased local circulation or increased extraction of oxygen (CHF, circulatory shock, exposure to cold)

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9
Q

Central cyanosis seen where

A

Lips, oral mucosa, tongue

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10
Q

Peripheral cyanosis seen

A

toes, hands, feet

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11
Q

Jaundice

A

AKA icterus, high levels of bilirubin in the blood

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12
Q

Primary lesions

A

Arise from normal skin

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13
Q

Secondary lesions

A

Result from change in primary lesion

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14
Q

Lesion

A

Anything on skin that appears abnormal

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15
Q

Nodule

A

Elevated, solid, more than .5 cm, nodules are bigger than plaque

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16
Q

Macule

A

Flat, discolored skin; freckles, vitiligo

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17
Q

Papule

A

Elevated solid lesion, smaller than .5 cm; nevus, wart

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18
Q

Plaque

A

Elevated circumscribed lesion, firm, dry, any size

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19
Q

Wheal

A

superficial area of cutaneous edema; hives, insect bite

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20
Q

Vesicles

A

Smaller than .5 cm, filled with serous fluid; blister, herpes simplex

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21
Q

Bulla

A

Circumscribed lesion of greater than .5 cm, filled with serous fluid; blister, pemphigus vulgaris, could be more serious than vesicles

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22
Q

Pustule

A

Filled with pus, small, tender; acne, impetigo, paronychia

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23
Q

Comedo

A

Plugged opening of sebaceous gland; blackhead

24
Q

Burrow

A

Smaller than 1 cm, raised tunnel; scabies, very few conditions

25
Q

Cyst

A

Palpable lesion filled with semi-liquid material or fluid, very deep; Sebaceous cyst

26
Q

Abcess

A

Deep infection, very tender, determine borders by palpitation

27
Q

Furuncle

A

Specific type of primary lesion, necrotizing form of inflammation of a hair follicle, second deepest infection

28
Q

Carbuncle

A

A coalescence of several furuncles

29
Q

Milla

A

Tiny keratin-filled cysts representing an accumulation of keratin in the distal portion of the sweat gland; very common treat by cutting and squeezing out keratin

30
Q

Erosion

A

Loss of part or all of the epidermis; from rupture of vesicle or bullae

31
Q

Ulcer

A

Loss of epidermis and dermis, deeper than erosion, may bleed; stasis ulcer, gangrenousm

32
Q

Fissure

A

Linear crack from epidermis into dermis; athlete’s foot, enzyma

33
Q

Excoriation

A

Superficial linear or dugout traumatized area, usually self-induced; abrasion, scratch marks

34
Q

Atrophy

A

Thinning of skin with loss of skin markings; striae

35
Q

Erythema

A

Pink or red blanchable discoloration of the skin secondary to dilatation of blood vessels; erysipelas, cellulitis

36
Q

Cellulitis

A

Form of erythema, very deep

37
Q

Erysipelas

A

Type of erythema, not very deep, easy to treat

38
Q

Petechiae

A

Reddish-purple, nonblanching, smaller than .5 cm; intravascular defects

39
Q

Purpura

A

Reddish-purple, nonblanching, greater than .5 cm, areas of bleeding are deeper than petechiae

40
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Reddish-purple nonblanching, variable size; vasculitis, trauma

41
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Fine, irregular, dilated blood vessels, does not change color when palpitating; dilation of capillaries

42
Q

Spider angioma

A

Central red body with radiating spider-like arms that blanch with pressure to central area, usually on trunk; liver disease

43
Q

Keloid

A

Elevated, enlarged scar growing beyond boundaries of wound; burn scars, chest surgeries

44
Q

Lichenification

A

Roughening and thickening of epidermis, accentuated skin markings associated with hyperpigmentation; many chronic skin conditions

45
Q

Three important descriptors of a skin lesion

A

Morphology, configuration, distribution

46
Q

Alopecia Areata

A

Round patch of hair loss, no visible scaling or inflammation

47
Q

Trichotillomania/Trichotillosis

A

Hair loss from pulling, plucking or twisting; sign of psychological stress in young

48
Q

Tinea Capitis

A

AKA Ringworm, Round scaly patches of alopecia

49
Q

Paronychia

A

Superficial infection of proximal and lateral nail folds, red swollen, tender; most common infection

50
Q

Clubbing of Fingers

A

Clinically a bulbous swelling of the soft tissue at the nail base, with loss of normal angle between the nail and the proximal fold; seen in congenital heart disease, lung cancer

51
Q

Onycholysis

A

Painless separation of the whitened opaque nail plate from the pinker translucent nail bed; trauma, fungal, diabetes, anemia, peripheral ischemia, syphilis

52
Q

Terry’s nails

A

Nail plate turns white with a ground-glass appearance, a distal band of reddish brown, and obliteration of the lunula; seen in liver disease, heart failure and diabetes

53
Q

White spots (Leukonychia)

A

Trauma to the nails is commonly followed by nonuniform white spots that grow slowly out with the nail; over manicuring

54
Q

Transverse White Bands (Mees’ Lines)

A

Curving transverse white bands that cross the nail parallel to the lunula; seen in arsenic poisoning, heart failure, Hodgkin’s disease, leprosy etc

55
Q

Transverse Linear Depression (Beau’s Lines)

A

Transverse depressions of the nail plates, usually bilateral, resulting from temporary disruption of the proximal nail growth from systemic illness; Seen in severe illness

56
Q

Pitting

A

Punctate depressions of the nail plate caused by defective layering of the superficial nail plate by the proximal nail matrix; Associated with psoriasis, also sarcoidosis, alopecia areata

Physical Diagnosis (8 decks)

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