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Physical Diagnosis > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Skin Facts

A

Largest organ, important in homeostasis, protection, regulation of body temperature, and synthesis vitamin D

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2
Q

Pale skin may indicate

A

malnutrition, anemia, hypoglycemia, shock, low blood flow

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3
Q

Erythema may indicate

A

increased blood flow, fever, burns, infection, immune disorders, medication

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4
Q

Fifth Disease

A

AKA Slapped cheeks, localized erythemia

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5
Q

Malar Rash

A

AKA Butterfly rash, typical of systemic lupus erythematosus

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6
Q

Generalized erythemia, infectious condition

A

Staphlococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

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7
Q

Central cyanosis may indicate

A

Lung disease, congenital heart disease, abnormal hemoglobin

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8
Q

Peripheral cyanosis may indicate

A

Decreased local circulation or increased extraction of oxygen (CHF, circulatory shock, exposure to cold)

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9
Q

Central cyanosis seen where

A

Lips, oral mucosa, tongue

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10
Q

Peripheral cyanosis seen

A

toes, hands, feet

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11
Q

Jaundice

A

AKA icterus, high levels of bilirubin in the blood

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12
Q

Primary lesions

A

Arise from normal skin

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13
Q

Secondary lesions

A

Result from change in primary lesion

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14
Q

Lesion

A

Anything on skin that appears abnormal

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15
Q

Nodule

A

Elevated, solid, more than .5 cm, nodules are bigger than plaque

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16
Q

Macule

A

Flat, discolored skin; freckles, vitiligo

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17
Q

Papule

A

Elevated solid lesion, smaller than .5 cm; nevus, wart

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18
Q

Plaque

A

Elevated circumscribed lesion, firm, dry, any size

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19
Q

Wheal

A

superficial area of cutaneous edema; hives, insect bite

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20
Q

Vesicles

A

Smaller than .5 cm, filled with serous fluid; blister, herpes simplex

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21
Q

Bulla

A

Circumscribed lesion of greater than .5 cm, filled with serous fluid; blister, pemphigus vulgaris, could be more serious than vesicles

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22
Q

Pustule

A

Filled with pus, small, tender; acne, impetigo, paronychia

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23
Q

Comedo

A

Plugged opening of sebaceous gland; blackhead

24
Q

Burrow

A

Smaller than 1 cm, raised tunnel; scabies, very few conditions

25
Cyst
Palpable lesion filled with semi-liquid material or fluid, very deep; Sebaceous cyst
26
Abcess
Deep infection, very tender, determine borders by palpitation
27
Furuncle
Specific type of primary lesion, necrotizing form of inflammation of a hair follicle, second deepest infection
28
Carbuncle
A coalescence of several furuncles
29
Milla
Tiny keratin-filled cysts representing an accumulation of keratin in the distal portion of the sweat gland; very common treat by cutting and squeezing out keratin
30
Erosion
Loss of part or all of the epidermis; from rupture of vesicle or bullae
31
Ulcer
Loss of epidermis and dermis, deeper than erosion, may bleed; stasis ulcer, gangrenousm
32
Fissure
Linear crack from epidermis into dermis; athlete's foot, enzyma
33
Excoriation
Superficial linear or dugout traumatized area, usually self-induced; abrasion, scratch marks
34
Atrophy
Thinning of skin with loss of skin markings; striae
35
Erythema
Pink or red blanchable discoloration of the skin secondary to dilatation of blood vessels; erysipelas, cellulitis
36
Cellulitis
Form of erythema, very deep
37
Erysipelas
Type of erythema, not very deep, easy to treat
38
Petechiae
Reddish-purple, nonblanching, smaller than .5 cm; intravascular defects
39
Purpura
Reddish-purple, nonblanching, greater than .5 cm, areas of bleeding are deeper than petechiae
40
Ecchymosis
Reddish-purple nonblanching, variable size; vasculitis, trauma
41
Telangiectasia
Fine, irregular, dilated blood vessels, does not change color when palpitating; dilation of capillaries
42
Spider angioma
Central red body with radiating spider-like arms that blanch with pressure to central area, usually on trunk; liver disease
43
Keloid
Elevated, enlarged scar growing beyond boundaries of wound; burn scars, chest surgeries
44
Lichenification
Roughening and thickening of epidermis, accentuated skin markings associated with hyperpigmentation; many chronic skin conditions
45
Three important descriptors of a skin lesion
Morphology, configuration, distribution
46
Alopecia Areata
Round patch of hair loss, no visible scaling or inflammation
47
Trichotillomania/Trichotillosis
Hair loss from pulling, plucking or twisting; sign of psychological stress in young
48
Tinea Capitis
AKA Ringworm, Round scaly patches of alopecia
49
Paronychia
Superficial infection of proximal and lateral nail folds, red swollen, tender; most common infection
50
Clubbing of Fingers
Clinically a bulbous swelling of the soft tissue at the nail base, with loss of normal angle between the nail and the proximal fold; seen in congenital heart disease, lung cancer
51
Onycholysis
Painless separation of the whitened opaque nail plate from the pinker translucent nail bed; trauma, fungal, diabetes, anemia, peripheral ischemia, syphilis
52
Terry's nails
Nail plate turns white with a ground-glass appearance, a distal band of reddish brown, and obliteration of the lunula; seen in liver disease, heart failure and diabetes
53
White spots (Leukonychia)
Trauma to the nails is commonly followed by nonuniform white spots that grow slowly out with the nail; over manicuring
54
Transverse White Bands (Mees' Lines)
Curving transverse white bands that cross the nail parallel to the lunula; seen in arsenic poisoning, heart failure, Hodgkin's disease, leprosy etc
55
Transverse Linear Depression (Beau's Lines)
Transverse depressions of the nail plates, usually bilateral, resulting from temporary disruption of the proximal nail growth from systemic illness; Seen in severe illness
56
Pitting
Punctate depressions of the nail plate caused by defective layering of the superficial nail plate by the proximal nail matrix; Associated with psoriasis, also sarcoidosis, alopecia areata

Physical Diagnosis (8 decks)

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