Eye Exam

Question 1

Ear infections common in children

Answer 1

Because eustachian tubes are shorter, narrower, and more horizontal than in adults

Question 2

External eye anatomy

Answer 2

Eyelids, lacrimal gland/duct, palpebral fissures, medial/lateral angles, upper/lower punctum, medial/lateral canthus

Question 3

Internal eye anatomy

Answer 3

Conjunctiva, meibomian gland, cornea, pupil, crystalline lens, ciliary body, vitreous humor, retina, macula, fovea centralis, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, visual cortex, optic disc, fundus

Question 4

Meibomian gland

Answer 4

line of glands which runs along each eyelid margin

Question 5

Ciliary body

Answer 5

muscular structure that controls thickness of the lens, secretes aqueous humor

Question 6

Fovea centralis

Answer 6

center of macula where all of photoreceptors are cones, area of sharpest visual acuity

Question 7

Optic nerve

Answer 7

CNII, continuation of the axon of ganglion cells in the retina

Question 8

Optic chiasm

Answer 8

are through which the optic nerve travels after leaves the back of the eye

Question 9

Visual cortex

Answer 9

final destination of optic nerve fibers in occipital lobe of the brain

Question 10

Fundus

Answer 10

posterior part of eye visible with scope, includes retina, choroid, fovea, macula, optic disc, and vessels

Question 11

Pathway of light through eye

Answer 11

cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, lens, vitreous body, retina, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, visual cortex

Question 12

Ptosis

Answer 12

Upper lid covers part of pupil

Question 13

Ectropion

Answer 13

Lid turned out

Question 14

Entropion

Answer 14

Lid turned in

Question 15

Hordeolum

Answer 15

Stye, inflammation of sebaceous gland

Question 16

Blepharatis

Answer 16

red inflamed lid margins

Question 17

Pterygium

Answer 17

Growth of conjunctiva over cornea

Question 18

Arcus senilis

Answer 18

Lipid deposits, common in elderly

Question 19

Pupil size deviations

Answer 19

Miosis, less than 2mm; mydriasis, more than 6mm

Question 20

Argyll-Robertson pupils

Answer 20

Abnormal response to light but normal accomodation, sign of neurosyphilis

Question 21

Appearance of sever myopia

Answer 21

Disc somewhat obliquely oval, sharply delineated; cup is not definable; increased elongated blood vessels

Question 22

Appearance of glaucoma

Answer 22

disc is round, sharply delineated, pale, but vital band at rim, cup ratio is .6/.7; nerve and vessels compressed and damaged

Question 23

Appearance of hypertension

Answer 23

Disc is not sharply delineated, color is pal, cup is not visible, constricted arterioles and exudates, cotton wool patches, arteries have silver wire look

Question 24

Appearance of Intracranial pressure

Answer 24

Disc not delineated, blood vessels have disappeared centrally, no cup, disc engorgement

Question 25

Appearance of central artery occlusion

Answer 25

Arteries and veins constricted, remarkable coloration of retina/fovea

Question 26

Appearance of diabetic retinopathy

Answer 26

Area of bleeding in inferior section of fundus, microaneurisms, vascular distension

Question 27

Normal optic disc

Answer 27

Round to oval disc, yellow-orange to pink, cup to disc ratio= less than .5, AV ratio slightly less than .5; no arterial light reflex, macula located 2.5 disc temporal to disc, fundus red to purple color