Eye Exam Flashcards
Ear infections common in children
Because eustachian tubes are shorter, narrower, and more horizontal than in adults
External eye anatomy
Eyelids, lacrimal gland/duct, palpebral fissures, medial/lateral angles, upper/lower punctum, medial/lateral canthus
Internal eye anatomy
Conjunctiva, meibomian gland, cornea, pupil, crystalline lens, ciliary body, vitreous humor, retina, macula, fovea centralis, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, visual cortex, optic disc, fundus
Meibomian gland
line of glands which runs along each eyelid margin
Ciliary body
muscular structure that controls thickness of the lens, secretes aqueous humor
Fovea centralis
center of macula where all of photoreceptors are cones, area of sharpest visual acuity
Optic nerve
CNII, continuation of the axon of ganglion cells in the retina
Optic chiasm
are through which the optic nerve travels after leaves the back of the eye
Visual cortex
final destination of optic nerve fibers in occipital lobe of the brain
Fundus
posterior part of eye visible with scope, includes retina, choroid, fovea, macula, optic disc, and vessels
Pathway of light through eye
cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, lens, vitreous body, retina, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, visual cortex
Ptosis
Upper lid covers part of pupil
Ectropion
Lid turned out
Entropion
Lid turned in
Hordeolum
Stye, inflammation of sebaceous gland
Blepharatis
red inflamed lid margins
Pterygium
Growth of conjunctiva over cornea
Arcus senilis
Lipid deposits, common in elderly
Pupil size deviations
Miosis, less than 2mm; mydriasis, more than 6mm
Argyll-Robertson pupils
Abnormal response to light but normal accomodation, sign of neurosyphilis
Appearance of sever myopia
Disc somewhat obliquely oval, sharply delineated; cup is not definable; increased elongated blood vessels
Appearance of glaucoma
disc is round, sharply delineated, pale, but vital band at rim, cup ratio is .6/.7; nerve and vessels compressed and damaged
Appearance of hypertension
Disc is not sharply delineated, color is pal, cup is not visible, constricted arterioles and exudates, cotton wool patches, arteries have silver wire look
Appearance of Intracranial pressure
Disc not delineated, blood vessels have disappeared centrally, no cup, disc engorgement
Appearance of central artery occlusion
Arteries and veins constricted, remarkable coloration of retina/fovea
Appearance of diabetic retinopathy
Area of bleeding in inferior section of fundus, microaneurisms, vascular distension
Normal optic disc
Round to oval disc, yellow-orange to pink, cup to disc ratio= less than .5, AV ratio slightly less than .5; no arterial light reflex, macula located 2.5 disc temporal to disc, fundus red to purple color
