HENT Exam Flashcards
Conductive hearing loss
problem in external or middle ear, disruption of sound waves
Sensorinueral hearing loss
problem in inner ear, cochlear nerve, or connection in brain
Tinnitus, vertigo, rhinorrhea, epistaxis, goiter, hirsutism
ringing, spinning, drainage from nose, bleeding from nose, enlarged thyroid, excessive facial hair
Parts of external ear
Auricle, ear canal, helix, antihelix, lobule, tragus
Ear chondritis
Inflammation, very tender
Otitis externa
inflammation of outer ear and ear canal, drainage
Parts of middle ear
Pars flaccida, light reflex, manubrium, umbo (part holding on to eardurm), pars tensa, malleus may be visible
Parts of internal ear
Cochlea, eustachian tube, semicircular canal, stapes, incus, malleus, tympanic membrane
Pathways of hearing
sound vibration, ear drum, ossicles of middle ear, cochlea, cochlear nerve, brain
Conductive phase
When the sound travels from the external ear through the middle ear
Sensorineural phase
When sound travels from cochlea via cochlear nerve to the brain
Acute otitis media
inflammed, infected, bulging, no light reflex
Serous middle ear effusion
Bubble present, light reflex present, associated with allergies
Turbinates
Shelf-like projections from the lateral wall of the nose and are curved bony structures covered by mucous membranes, inferior, middle, superior
Sinuses
air-filled and paired extensions of nasal cavities withing the bones of the skull, maxillary, ethmoid, frontal
Wharton’s ducts
from submandibular glands open on each side of the tongue’s frenulum
Stensen’s ducts
from parotid glands open onto buccal mucosa across from second molar of the upper jaw
Ducts of Rivinus
Sublingual gland drain through these smaller ducts
Oropharynx
separated from the mouth by the anterior tonsillar pillars
Abnormal findings in mouth exam
fissures and corner of mouth, swelling, cold sores, lesions, pale, cyantosis, erythosis (CO poisoning)
Cobble-stone
swelling of lymphoid tissue, secondary to allergies
Deviation of uvula
Due to dysfunctionof CN IX as result of a stroke
Isthmus
Located below thyroid gland, joins lobular glands
Lymph nodes
Preauricular, postauricular, occipital, tonsillar, submandibular, submenatl, superficial cervical, supraclavicular
Anterior cervical
on top of and beneath sternocleidomastoid; drain: internal structures of throat and posterior pharynx, tonsils, thyroid gland
Posterior cervical
along SCMs, but in front of trapezius; drain: skin on the back of the head, enlarged during URI
Tonsillar
Just below angle of mandible; drain: tonsillar and posterior pharyngeal region
Sub-mandibular
along underside of jaw; drain: the structures in the floor of the mouth
Sub-mental
just below the chin; drain: the teeth and intraoral cavity
Supra-clavicular
Hollow of clavicle, lateral to where it joins the sternum; Drain: part of thoracic cavity, abdomen
