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HA Final > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

somewhat bluish color

A

Cyanosis

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2
Q

Silvery scaly lesions, mainly on the extensor surfaces

A

psoriasis

plaques

coalescence of papules

3 p’s!

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3
Q

scaly, itchy rashes

normally on flexor surfaces

A

atopic eczema

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4
Q
A

linear

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5
Q
A

geographic

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6
Q
A

clustered

(herpes simplex)

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7
Q
A

serpiginous

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8
Q
A

annular

(ringworm)

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9
Q

up to 1 cm

solid, raised spot(s)

A

papule

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10
Q

marble-like lesion LARGER than 0.5 cm, deeper & firmer than papule

A

nodule

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11
Q

Nodule filled w/ expressible material, either liquid or semi-solid

A

cyst

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12
Q

somewhat irregular, relatively transient, superficial area of localized skin edema

Think: mosquito bite

A

wheal

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13
Q

up to 1 cm, filled w/ serous fluid

think: herpes simplex, herpes zoster

A

vesicle

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14
Q

1 cm or larger, filled w/ serous fluid

teacher says 1.5 but whatever

A

bulla

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15
Q

filled w/ PUS

think: acne

A

pustule

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16
Q

thin flake of dead exfoliated epidermis

A

scale

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17
Q

Dried residue of skin exudate (serum, pus, blood)

A

crust

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18
Q

visible & palpable thickening of epidermis & roughening of skin w/ increased visibility of normal skinn furrows

A

lichenification

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19
Q

Hypertrophic scarring that extends beyond borders of initial injury

A

keloids

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20
Q

linear or punctate erosions caused by SCRATCHING

A

excoriation

21
Q

Linear crack in skin, resulting from excess dryness

A

fissure

22
Q

Deep loss of epidermis and dermis, may bleed and scar

A

ulcer

23
Q

What are the 3 layers of skin?

Which layer has NO blood vessels? Which layer has PLENTY of blood vessels?

A

Epidermis - devoid of blood vessels, gets nutrients from dermis

Dermis - well supplied w/ blood vessels

SubQ

24
Q

What is the difference between central & peripheral cyanosis?

A

Central –> oxygen level in the arterial blood is low –> decreased oxygenation in patient

Peripheral –> cutaneous blood flow decreases and slows –> anxiety or cold environment

25
Q

What is the difference between ECCRINE and APOCRINE sweat glands?

A

Eccrine - major sweat glands of the body, widely distributed and open directly onto skin surface - helps control body temperature
Apocrine - axillary and genital region - open onto hair follicles and stimulated by emotional stress. Responsible for adult body odor

26
Q

What does edema indicate? Where is the fluid?

A

Indicates the presence of excess fluid in interstitial spaces. May be localized due to injury or systemic

27
Q

Braden Score - What is considered NOT at risk?

A

19-23

28
Q

Braden Score What is considered MILD risk?

A

15-18

29
Q

Braden Score - What is considered MODERATE risk?

A

13-14

30
Q

Braden Score - What is considered HIGH risk?

A

10-12

31
Q

Braden Score - What is VERY HIGH RISK?

A

9 or below

32
Q

What are the scoring factors for braden?

A
  • Sensory perception
  • Moisture
  • Activity
  • Mobility
  • Nutrition
  • And friction and shear
33
Q

At what DEGREE is [nail] clubbing?

What is clubbing an indication of?

A

Clubbing: the angle increases to 180 degrees or more, and the nail bed feels spongy or floating.

Seen in congenital heart disease, interstitial lung diseases, lung cancer, inflammatory bowel disease and malignancies

34
Q

Which kind of skin cancer does this describe?

  • lowest level of epidermis
  • 80% of skin cancers
  • generally sunexposed areas (head/neck)
  • generally benign, but if left untreated, can be life-threatening.
  • grows SLOWLY & rarely metastasizes.
A

Basal cell carcinoma

35
Q

Which kind of skin cancer does this describe?

  • upper layer of epidermis
  • 16% of skin cancer
  • crusty & scaly w/ red inflamed or ulcerate appearance
  • on face & back of hands
  • can metastasize
  • even more ew than the last one
A

squamous cell carcinoma

36
Q

Which kind of skin cancer does this describe?

  • arises from pigmented producing _____cytes in the epidermis
  • accounts for 4% of skin cancers.
  • MOST LETHAL TYPE
A

Melanoma

37
Q

ABCDE’s of Skin Cancer

A

asymmetry

[irregular] border (notches)

color (weird colors)

diameter (>6mm)

elevation/evolution

38
Q

small, flat, spot up to 1 cm

ex: small vitiligo, hemangioma

A

Macule

39
Q

Flat spot, 1.0 cm or larger
Café-au-lait

A

Patch

40
Q

Elevated superficial lesion 1.0 cm or larger, often formed by coalescence of papules

Ex: Psoriasis

A

plaque

41
Q

Deep red or reddish purple –> fading away over

Do not blanch

1-3mm

A

petechia / purpura

42
Q
  • Purple or purplish blue, fading to green, yellow and brown with time
  • Larger than petechiae >3mm
  • Does not blanch
A

Ecchymosis

43
Q

Ulcer Stages

Pressure related alteration of the intact skin with changes related to temp, consistency, sensations, or color.

A

Stage I

44
Q

Ulcer Stages

Partial thickness of skin loss or ulceration involving the epidermis, dermis, or both

A

Stage II

45
Q

Ulcer Stages

Full thickness of skin loss, with damage or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend to but not through the underlying muscle

A

Stage III

46
Q

Ulcer Stages

Full thickness skin loss, with destruction, tissue necrosis, or damage to underlying muscle, bone, or supporting structures

You’ll never forget it!

A

Stage IV

47
Q

Ulcer Stages

base is covered with eschar or sloughing tissue

A

Unstageable

48
Q

Fevers, chills and pain indicate…

Hint: Bone

A

osteomyelitis

HA Final (11 decks)

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