Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HA Final > Braaaaains > Flashcards

Braaaaains Flashcards

1
Q

highest functions: memory, reasoning, sensation, voluntary mvmt

A

cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

-automatic movements - swinging arms while you walk

A

basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sensory impulses, relays to cerebral cortex

A

thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • maintains homeostasis (temp, heart rate, BP), endocrine, emotions (anger, sex drive)
  • hormones secreted here act directly on pituitary gland
A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nerve fibers & tracts connecting brain & spinal cord

One part acts on BP & respiratory

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • coordination of voluntary movements
  • tests: rapid hand movement, coordination
A

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

highway for ascending/descending tracts between brain & spinal nerves; mediates reflexes

A

Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

personality, behavior, emotion, intellectual functions

A

Frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sensation from skin & tongue

A

parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

vision reception

A

occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hearing, taste, smell

A

temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

motor, speech

A

broca’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

speech & comprehension

A

wernicke’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

from sensory receptors TO CNS

A

afferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

from CNS to msks, organs, glands

A

efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

skeletal msks (voluntary)

A

somatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

smooth msks (involuntary) → homeostasis, heart, glands

A

autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sympathetic

A

fight or flight → heart rate slows then increases, BP & pupil size DILATES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

parasympathetic

A

rest & digest → gastric secretions, slows heart rate, CONSTRICTS pupils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

autonomic nervous system reacts to event, causing bradycardia (slow down) AND allows vasodilation in the lower extremity vessels & causes blood to flow down resulting in fainting

A

vasovagal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  • expressive
  • understands what you’re saying
  • words are slow and laborious but meaningful
  • person is frustrated
  • posterior inferior frontal lobe
A

broca’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  • receptive
  • no comprehension
  • words are fluent but nonsensical
  • no idea that what they’re saying is nonsense
  • posterior superior temporal lobe
A

wernicke’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

+ romberg = indicates

A

loss of balance. → MS or drunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

+ pronator drift

A

arm drifts downward, either palm pronates, or arms unable to find original point: somatic cerebral disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ptn w/ flaccid msk tone may have what disease processes?

A

polio

guillian-barre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Ptn w/ spastic msk tone may have what?

A

cerebral palsy

spinal cord injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Ptn with rigid msk tone may have…?

A

tetanus

28
Q

Ptn w/ cogwheel rigidity may have…?

A

parkinson’s disease

29
Q

What is the first sensation lost w/ peripheral neropathies?

A

Large toe joint metatarsal

30
Q

With stereognosis or graphesthesia, what should you suspect if they cannot ID either?

A

sensory cortex lesion

31
Q

What are the different reflexes that you test?

A

○DTRs

○Superficial (cornea, abdominal)

○Visceral (pupil)

○Pathologic (babinski)

32
Q

What are the components needed to have reflexes?

A

■Intact sensory nerve (afferent)

■A functional synapse in the cord

■An intact motor nerve fiber (efferent)

■The neuromuscular joint

■A competent muscle

33
Q

How do you chart reflexes? What is NORMAL?

A

■4+: very brisk, clonus present (hyper)

■3+: brisker than average

■2+: normal

■1+: somewhat diminished

■0: no response

34
Q

What reflexes are normal in INFANTS but are NOT in adults?

A

■babinski

●fanning is NOT normal

●curling inward is normal

■grasp

■sucking

35
Q

What is the order in which LOC deteriorates? (below is out of order)

Responses to pain become purposeless (ptn laughs)

Loss of corneal and gag reflex

Loss of ability to obey simple commands (open eyes, say yes, stick out tongue)

Absence of response to pain (sternal rub)

A&O alters

A
  • A&O alters - last to lose is self
  • Loss of ability to obey simple commands (open eyes, say yes, stick out tongue)
  • Responses to pain become purposeless (ptn laughs)
  • Absence of response to pain (sternal rub)
  • Loss of corneal and gag reflex
36
Q

What is in an acute care neuro assessment?

A
  1. LOC
    a. alert
    b. lethargic (drowsy, but opens eyes, looks @ you, responds to questions, falls asleep)
    c. obtunded (opens eyes, looks @ you but responds slowly & is confused)
    d. stupor (only arises after painful stimuli, lapses into unresponsiveness if stimulus ceases)
    e. coma (unarousable)
  2. Motor fnc
  3. Pupils

a.if in a coma, light reaction means metabolic coma.

4.VS

37
Q

What are the 3 components of the glasglow coma scale?

A

●eye opening (none to spontaneously)

●verbal response (none to oriented)

●motor response (none to obeys commands)

38
Q

CNS Injury: Decorticate - where is the damage?

A

damage to corticospinal tract

39
Q

CNS Injury: Decerebrate - where is the damage?

A

damage to upper brain stem

40
Q

What are the general Sx of meningitis?

What are the 2 tests you can do to test for meningitis?

A

●headache, photophobia (want darkness), fever, abnormal neck mobility (Supple, touches chin to chest without resistance)

●Brudzinski’s Sign:

○+ if hips and knees flex as you flex pt’s neck

○Normally, would be relaxed and motionless

●Kernig’s Sign

○Flex pt’s leg at hip and knee, then try to straighten

○(neck and back pain & resistance occurs)

+ Kernig’s bilat suggests meningeal irritation

41
Q

Tetraplegia vs paraplegia vs hemiplegia

A

Tetraplegic: same as quadriplegic

Paraplegic: paralysis of just the legs

Hemiplegia: unilateral brain damage involving corticospinal tract causing 1-sided paralysis. Initially flaccid, becomes spastic.

42
Q

What is a focal neurologic deficit lasting <1hr without underlying structural defects with the highest risk of stroke within next 30 days?

A

TIA

43
Q

What ethnicities are at highest risk for stroke?

A

african-american & mexican-american

44
Q

What are the warning signs of stroke?

A

●Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg

●Sudden confusion or trouble speaking or understanding

●Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, or loss of balance or coordination

●Sudden trouble with vision in one or both eyes

●Sudden severe headache

45
Q

What is included in primary prevention of stroke?

A
  • control HTN
  • quit smoking
  • exercise
  • lose weight
  • control cholesterol and diabetes
  • stop drinking heavily
  • manage a-fib & asymptomatic carotid artery disease.
46
Q

What is included in secondary prevention of stroke?

A
  • address secondary risk factors → atherosclerotic large vessel disease, cardiac emboli secondary to afib or cardiac defect.
  • Use prevention (aspirin, coumadin)
47
Q

Resting (static) tremors

A

tremors @ rest - parkinsonianism

48
Q

Postural (action) tremors

A

tremors when actively maintaining a posture - hyperthyroidism, anxiety & fatigue, benign essential tremor

49
Q

Intention tremors

A

absent at rest, appear w/ activity, gets worse as target is near - MS

50
Q

Oral-facial dyskinesias

A

rhythmic, repetitive, bizarre movements that chiefly involve the face, mouth, jaw, and tongue: grimacing, pursing of the lips, protrusions of the tongue, opening and closing of the mouth, and deviations of the jaw. - occurs in people on psychotropic drugs, long-standing psychoses, elderly individuals, those w/o teeth.

51
Q

Tics

A

brief, repetitive, stereotyped, coordinated movements occurring at irregular intervals - tourette’s syndromes, phenothiazines and amphetamines

52
Q

Dystonia

A

tony has no tone - twisting & writing of larger portions of the body (trunk, neck) - phenothiazines, spasmodic torticollis

53
Q

Athetosis

A

slow & twisty and writhing - usually face & distal extremities. - cerebral palsy

54
Q

Chorea

A

brief, rapid, jerky, irregular, unpredictable movements - sydenham chorea (rheumatic fever) and huntington disease

55
Q

decreased CO b/c **rhythms are too fast or too slow **

A

arrhythmias

56
Q

vascular resistance falls w/ exercise, but CO cannot rise. Occurs with or after exercise

A

aortic stenosis & hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

57
Q

sudden arrhythmia or decreased CO. Occurs w/ coronary artery disease

A

MI

58
Q

sudden hypoxia or decreased CO. Generally occurs if you have DVT

A

massive pulmonary embolism

59
Q

constriction of cerebral blood vessels secondary to hypocapnia (reduced CO2 in blood) caused by hyperventilation

  • manifestations: dyspnea, palpitations, chest discomfort, numbness, tingling of hands & mouth
A

hypocapnia due to hyperventilation

60
Q

insufficient glucose to maintain cerebral metabolism. secretion of epinephrine contributes to Sx

  • manifestations: sweating, tremor, palpitations, hunger, headache, confusion, abnormal behavior, coma
A

hypoglycemia

61
Q

a temporary loss of consciousness or a fainting spell caused by emotional agitation.

A

hysterical fainting from conversion rxn

62
Q

simple partial seizure

A

person is conscious while having seizure, no amnesia.

  • can have motor (tonic or clonic)
  • sensory (smells/tastes things that aren’t there, hears things that aren’t there, numbness feeling)
  • autonomic (feelings in chest or head, changes in heart rate or breathing, sweating)
  • psychiatric symptoms (memory issues, language issues, sudden fear, depression, happiness, deja vu).
63
Q

consciousness impaired, person appears confused. Will have amnesia. Automatisms: chewing, lipsmacking, walking around, unbuttoning clothes

A

complex partial

64
Q

Generalized

A

begin with bilateral body movements, impairment of consciousness, or both. They suggest a widespread, bilateral cortical disturbance that may be either hereditary or acquired.

  • tonic-clonic convulsion (grand mal)
  • absence (sudden brief loss of consciousness - blinking, staring, movements of lips and hands)
  • atonic seizure - sudden loss of consciousness w/ falling but no movements
  • myoclonus - sudden, BRIEF, rapid jerks (tossin’ cheerios)
65
Q

pseudoseizures

A

not a real seizure - not neuro related, generally behavioral or psychological

HA Final (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions