HEENT Flashcards
benign condition
scattered smooth red areas denuded of papillae
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/122/488/965/q_image_thumb.png?1659496929)
geographic tongue
may follow antibiotic Tx, or occur spontaneously
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/122/489/181/q_image_thumb.png?1659496929)
hairy tongue
benign
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/122/489/296/q_image_thumb.png?1659496930)
fissured / scrotal tongue
suggests deficiency in riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, vit B12, pyridoxine, or iron
may also be a SE of chemo
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/122/489/345/q_image_thumb.png?1659496930)
smooth tongue
aka atrophic glossitis
thick white coating from particular infection
red surface where area was scraped off
seen in immunosuppressed conditions
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/122/489/714/q_image_thumb.png?1659496930)
candidiasis
These whitish raised areas with a feathery or corrugated pattern most often affect the sides of the tongue. Unlike candidiasis, these areas cannot be scraped off. They are seen with HIV and AIDS.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/122/489/742/q_image_thumb.png?1659496930)
hairy leukoplakia
visual field loss on the same side in both eyes
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/122/506/971/q_image_thumb.png?1659496957)
Homonymous Hemianopsia
Photo is LEFT homonymous hemianopsia
Visual loss on outer sides
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/122/507/062/q_image_thumb.png?1659496957)
Bitemporal Hemianopsia
vision missing in inner half of both L & R eye
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/122/507/633/q_image_thumb.png?1659496958)
binasal
- rim of sclera is visible between upper lid & iris
- lid lag
- eyeball protrudes forward
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/122/507/708/q_image_thumb.png?1659496958)
exophthalmos & lid retraction
when bilateral, suggests infiltrative ophthalmopathy of graves hyperthyroidism. edema of the eyelids & conjunctival injection may be associated.
Unilateral: in graves or tumor or inflammation in the orbital → hyperthyroidism
drooping of upper lid
Where is this seen?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/122/507/883/q_image_thumb.png?1659496958)
ptosis
seen in myasthenia gravis (MG), damage to the oculomotor nerve, damage to sympathetic nerve supply.
A weakened muscle, relaxed tissues, and weight of herniated fat may cause senile ptosis. may also be congenital
opacities of the lenses, most common in old age
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/122/508/175/q_image_thumb.png?1659496959)
cataracts
Painful, tender red infection in a gland at the margin of the eyelid
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/122/508/190/q_image_thumb.png?1659496959)
Sty
red throat, white exudate on tonsils
may be due to group A strep or mono
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/122/508/326/q_image_thumb.png?1659496960)
exudative tonsillitis
might just be called tonsillitis
reddened throat, no exudate.
focus is on throat, not tonsils here
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/122/508/602/q_image_thumb.png?1659496960)
pharyngitis
diffuse, nonpitting, tense swelling
develops rapidly & typically disappears over subsequent hrs or days
allergic in nature, sometimes associated w/ hives
does not itch
hint: african americans w/ ACEs
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/122/508/736/q_image_thumb.png?1659496960)
angioedema
Name some red flags w/ the head
- recent onset (<6 mo)
- onset after 50 YO
- acute, like a thunderclap or “worst headache of my life” → think: subarachnoid hemorrhage r/t head injury, meningitis, stroke
- elevated BP
- presence of rash or signs of infection
- presence of cancer, HIV, pregnancy
- vomiting → migraines, brain tumors, subarachnoid tumors
- recent head trauma
- persisting neuro deficits.
- neuronal dysfnc, imbalance of excitatory & inhibitory neurotransmitters & affecting craniovascular modulation
- typically unilateral
- throbbing, aching
- rapid onset, peak in 1-2 hrs
- associated: n/v, photophobia, phonophobia, visual auras, motor auras of hand & arm, sensory auras (numbness, tingling)
- aggravated by alcohol, some foods, tension, noise, bright light
- relieved by quiet, dark room, sleep
migraine
- usually bilateral, generalized or localized to back of head and upper neck
- pressing, tightening pain, mild to moderate intensity
- Gradual onset, often recurrent or persistent over long pds of time
- can last minutes to days
- Associated: sometimes photophobia, phonophobia. NO NAUSEA.
- Aggravated by sustained msk tension (driving, typing)
- relieved by: massage, relaxation
Tension
- unilateral, usually behind or around eye
- pain is deep, continuous, severe.
- Abrupt onset, peaks w/in minutes. lasts up to 3 hrs
- episodic, clustered in time, several each day for 4-8 wks, then relief for 6-12 mo
- associated: lacrimation (tears), rhinorrhea, miosis, ptosis, eyelid edema, conjunctival infx.
- aggravated by: alcohol
cluster headache
- mucosal inflammation of paranasal sinuses
- usually above eye (frontal) or over maxillary sinuses
- aching, throbbing; varying in severity
- associated: local tenderness, nasal congestion, discharge, fever.
- aggravated by coughing, sneezing, jarring the head
- relieved by nasal decongestants and antibiotics
sinusitis
- infection –> brain
- generalized, very severe, steady throbbing pain.
- Fairly rapid onset
- Associated: fever, stiff neck
- can’t put their chin to their chest because it hurts the back of their neck.
- lymph nodes are inflamed
- abscess in neck region
meningitis
specifically the infection is of the meninges surrounding the brain
- permanent surprised affect on face - mask like appearance.
- Can’t smile, can’t frown, expressionless disease
- decreased blinking & characteristic stare.
- neck and upper trunk tend to flex forward, the patient seems to peer upward toward the observer.
- Facial skin becomes oily, and drooling may occur.
Parkinson’s
Where in the ear is vertigo affected by?
Where in the brain is vertigo affected by?
What is vertigo?
Bony labyrinths
CN VIII (8) - vestibulocochlear
Room is spinning
- increased adrenal cortisol production
- round or “moon” face with red cheeks
- buffalo hump
- truncal obesity, skinny arms & legs
- Excessive hair growth may be present in the mustache and sideburn areas and on the chin
- hirsutism in women
CUSHING’S
- Increased growth hormone
- enlargement of both bone and soft tissues
- Head is elongated, with bony prominence of the forehead, nose, and lower jaw.
- Soft tissues of nose, lips, ears also enlarge.
- Facial features appear generally coarsened
acromegaly