Nervous System

Question 1

Unilateral

Arm, elbow, wrists, interphalangeal joints flexed, immobile, held close to side.

Leg spastic, ankle plantar flexed & inverted. Circumduction of leg.

Indication of corticospinal tract lesion in stroke

Answer 1

Spastic Hemiparesis

Question 2

Bilateral

Thighs cross forward on each other at each step. steps are short. Patients look like they’re walking on water.

Swinging gait w/ both legs.

spinal cord disease

Answer 2

Scissors Gait

Question 3

Ptns either drag feet or lift them high w/ knees flexed, and bring them down with a slap on the floor (like they’re walking up stairs) – CANNOT walk on heels.

Seen in foot drop

Answer 3

Steppage gait

Question 4

Posture stooped, flexion of head, arms, hips, knees.

Steps are short & shuffling w/ involuntary hastening.

Arm swing decreased, patients turn stiffly.

Answer 4

Parkinsonian gait

Question 5

gait staggering, unsteady, wide based, exaggerated difficulty on turns. Ptns can’t stand steadily with feet together, whether eyes are open or closed.

Other signs: dysmetria, nystagmus, intention tremor

Answer 5

Cerebellar ataxia

Question 6

gait unsteady and wide, ptn’s throw their feet forward and outward and bring them down, first on heels, then on toes, with double-tapping sound. With eyes closed, they cannot stand steadily, and staggering gait worsens (+ romberg)

Answer 6

Sensory Ataxia

Question 7

tremors @ rest

Answer 7

resting (static) tremors

Question 8

tremors when actively maintaining a posture - hyperthyroidism, anxiety & fatigue, benign essential tremor

Answer 8

postural (action) tremors

Question 9

absent at rest, appear w/ activity, gets worse as target is near - MS

Answer 9

intentional tremors

Question 10

rhythmic, repetitive, bizarre movements that chiefly involve the face, mouth, jaw, and tongue: grimacing, pursing of the lips, protrusions of the tongue, opening and closing of the mouth, and deviations of the jaw. - occurs in people on psychotropic drugs, long-standing psychoses, elderly individuals, those w/o teeth.

Answer 10

Oral-facial dyskinesias

Question 11

brief, repetitive, stereotyped, coordinated movements occurring at irregular intervals - tourette’s syndromes, phenothiazines and amphetamines

(lauren)

Answer 11

tics

Question 12

twisting & writhing of larger portions of the body (trunk, neck) - phenothiazines, spasmodic torticollis

Think: Tony

Answer 12

dystonia

Question 13

slow, twisty, writhing - usually face & distal extremities. - cerebral palsy

Answer 13

athetosis

Question 14

brief, rapid, jerky, irregular, unpredictable movements - rheumatic fever and huntington disease

Answer 14

chorea