GI Flashcards
Approximately how much urine does the average bladder hold?
300 mL
Which kidney is more palpable?
R - lower than L
What is a “normal” pooping frequency?
2-3x a day to 3x a week
What is organ pain called? What does it feel like?
Visceral pain
gnawing, burning, cramping, or aching
What is parietal pain? What does that feel like, and what is it aggravated by?
inflammation in the parietal peritoneum –> steady, aching pain that is usually more severe than visceral pain and more precisely located. Aggravated by coughing or movement
chronic or recurrent discomfort or pain centered in the upper abdomen
dyspepsia
pain when swallowing
Odynophagia
What time frame would acute diarrhea constitute?
What is it an indication of?
2 weeks or fewer (Infection)
What time frame is chronic diarrhea?
What might it indicate?
4 weeks or more
typically noninfectious-> Crohn’s/Ulcerative colitis
significant increase in 24 hour urine volume, roughly defined as exceeding 3 liters
poluria
stomach growling
borborygmi
Order of abdominal exam
inspect
AUSCULTATE
percuss
palpate
What areas would you listen for friction rubs?
over liver & spleen
What does percussion help you to assess?
Percussion helps you to assess the amount and distribution of gas in the abdomen and to identify possible masses that are solid or fluid-filled
What might you suspect in a ptn with abdominal pain AND coughing?
peritoneal inflammation
What might be the cause of intense pain in the abdomen?
Stones in the biliary tract or in the ureters, rupture of a fallopian tube (ectopic pregnancy may be the cause) inflammation (peritonitis)
Pain the begins at the umbilicus & then radiates to the RLQ might be an indicator of what?
Acute Appendicitis
Back pain can be an indication of what disorders in the GI?
Abdominal aneurysms, or duodenal ulcers
Pain in the right shoulder can be an indication of what GI disease?
Gallbladder disease
What kinds of diseases/ disorders can cause indigestion?
GERD, hiatal hernia
What diseases/disorders are often confused with Indigestion?
MI, or Angina
When do episodes of GERD occur the most?
After eating, lying down
What are some causes of abdominal distention?
constipation, ascites
What might poop vomit be an indication of?
intestinal obstruction
What is jaundice an indication of?
Elevated serum bilirubin levels, liver disease , or obstruction of bile flow by gallstones.
What color is poo when there are elevated serum bili lvls due to liver disease or obstruction of bile ducts?
Clay colored
What is the size of a normal liver on the midclavicular line?
6-12 cm
Name some solid organs.
Liver
Pancreas
Kidney
Adrenal glands
Spleen
Ovaries and Uterus
Name the hollow organs.
Stomach
Gallbladder
Colon
Small intestine
Bladder
normal abdominal contour
flat
Abdomen contour
emaciated, malnourished, dying and unable to eat. Wasting away
scaphoid
Abdomen contour
adipose tissue on belly, ascites-fluid in peritoneal cavity; more rounded
rounded
Abdomen contour
pregnant or ton of dissention (gas, bad ascites, 6F)
protuberant
Normal # of bowel sounds
5-34
What is the difference between absent bowel sounds and hypoactive bowel sounds?
absent (obstruction)- listen for 4-5 minutes
hypoactive (decreased motility)- low gurgling <4 in1min
What are the classic findings of alcohol abuse?
- Hepatosplenomegaly (HSM) - large spleen and liver
- Ascites-fluid build-up
- Caput medusa - abd has dilated veins
- Spider angiomas - blood vessels on cutaneous level
- Peripheral edema
- Palmar erythema - red palms
- Erythematic or bulbous nose
