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HA Final > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Approximately how much urine does the average bladder hold?

A

300 mL

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2
Q

Which kidney is more palpable?

A

R - lower than L

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3
Q

What is a “normal” pooping frequency?

A

2-3x a day to 3x a week

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4
Q

What is organ pain called? What does it feel like?

A

Visceral pain

gnawing, burning, cramping, or aching

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5
Q

What is parietal pain? What does that feel like, and what is it aggravated by?

A

inflammation in the parietal peritoneum –> steady, aching pain that is usually more severe than visceral pain and more precisely located. Aggravated by coughing or movement

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6
Q

chronic or recurrent discomfort or pain centered in the upper abdomen

A

dyspepsia

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7
Q

pain when swallowing

A

Odynophagia

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8
Q

What time frame would acute diarrhea constitute?

What is it an indication of?

A

2 weeks or fewer (Infection)

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9
Q

What time frame is chronic diarrhea?

What might it indicate?

A

4 weeks or more

typically noninfectious-> Crohn’s/Ulcerative colitis

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10
Q

significant increase in 24 hour urine volume, roughly defined as exceeding 3 liters

A

poluria

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11
Q

stomach growling

A

borborygmi

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12
Q

Order of abdominal exam

A

inspect

AUSCULTATE

percuss

palpate

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13
Q

What areas would you listen for friction rubs?

A

over liver & spleen

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14
Q

What does percussion help you to assess?

A

Percussion helps you to assess the amount and distribution of gas in the abdomen and to identify possible masses that are solid or fluid-filled

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15
Q

What might you suspect in a ptn with abdominal pain AND coughing?

A

peritoneal inflammation

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16
Q

What might be the cause of intense pain in the abdomen?

A

Stones in the biliary tract or in the ureters, rupture of a fallopian tube (ectopic pregnancy may be the cause) inflammation (peritonitis)

17
Q

Pain the begins at the umbilicus & then radiates to the RLQ might be an indicator of what?

A

Acute Appendicitis

18
Q

Back pain can be an indication of what disorders in the GI?

A

Abdominal aneurysms, or duodenal ulcers

19
Q

Pain in the right shoulder can be an indication of what GI disease?

A

Gallbladder disease

20
Q

What kinds of diseases/ disorders can cause indigestion?

A

GERD, hiatal hernia

21
Q

What diseases/disorders are often confused with Indigestion?

A

MI, or Angina

22
Q

When do episodes of GERD occur the most?

A

After eating, lying down

23
Q

What are some causes of abdominal distention?

A

constipation, ascites

24
Q

What might poop vomit be an indication of?

A

intestinal obstruction

25
Q

What is jaundice an indication of?

A

Elevated serum bilirubin levels, liver disease , or obstruction of bile flow by gallstones.

26
Q

What color is poo when there are elevated serum bili lvls due to liver disease or obstruction of bile ducts?

A

Clay colored

27
Q

What is the size of a normal liver on the midclavicular line?

A

6-12 cm

28
Q

Name some solid organs.

A

Liver
Pancreas
Kidney
Adrenal glands
Spleen
Ovaries and Uterus

29
Q

Name the hollow organs.

A

Stomach
Gallbladder
Colon
Small intestine
Bladder

30
Q

normal abdominal contour

A

flat

31
Q

Abdomen contour

emaciated, malnourished, dying and unable to eat. Wasting away

A

scaphoid

32
Q

Abdomen contour

adipose tissue on belly, ascites-fluid in peritoneal cavity; more rounded

A

rounded

33
Q

Abdomen contour

pregnant or ton of dissention (gas, bad ascites, 6F)

A

protuberant

34
Q

Normal # of bowel sounds

A

5-34

35
Q

What is the difference between absent bowel sounds and hypoactive bowel sounds?

A

absent (obstruction)- listen for 4-5 minutes

hypoactive (decreased motility)- low gurgling <4 in1min

36
Q

What are the classic findings of alcohol abuse?

A
  • Hepatosplenomegaly (HSM) - large spleen and liver
  • Ascites-fluid build-up
  • Caput medusa - abd has dilated veins
  • Spider angiomas - blood vessels on cutaneous level
  • Peripheral edema
  • Palmar erythema - red palms
  • Erythematic or bulbous nose

HA Final (11 decks)

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