Skin Flashcards
What is the difference between a macule and a patch?
size. Macule <.5, patch is >.5, both are flat and level to the skin
What is the difference between a papule and a plaque?
size. papule <.5, plaque is >.5. Both are raised and superficial.
What is the difference between a nodule and a tumor?
a nodule >.5 on the skin that extends deep, a tumor is a subcutaneous mass not on the superficial layer of the skin
What is the difference between a wheal and a comedo?
A wheal is swelling/hives, whereas a comedo is a plugged hair follicle filled with sebum (acne)
What is the difference between a pustule and a cyst?
size. <.5 for a pustule, >.5 for a cyst, both are filled with pus
What is telangiectasia?
spider veins very fine in color
What’s the difference between a vesicle and a bulla?
Size. <.5 and >.5cm , both have clear fluid
What is the difference between excoriation and lichenification?
scratching versus repeat rubbing causing thickening of the skin
What’s the difference between an erosion versus an ulcer?
an erosion is very defined, not very deep, more superficial, whereas the dermis is very deep, extending into many layers of the dermis
What is the difference between scaling and crusting?
secondary lesions
scale is flatlike , crust is hardened deposits
What is the difference between a fissure or atrophy?
secondary lesions
a fissure is linear, whereas atrophy is loss of skin elasticity
What’s the difference between petechiae and purpura?
petechiae is pinpoint and nonblanching, whereas purpura is hemorrhage of blood vessels (thicker), nonblanching
How much of the body weight does the skin take up?
16%
What are the five pigments that make up the skin?
Melanin (brownish), carotone (golden yellow, palms/soles), oxyhemoglobin (reddish) and deoxyhemoglobin (Cyanosis), bilirubin (yellow-brown)
What is the most important symptom when assessing rashes?
itching
What are things that could cause generalized itching without apparent rash?
dry skin, pregnancy, uremia, jaundice, lymphomas, leukemia, drug reaction, lice.
What do you measure sizes of skin lesions?
mm
What does the telagiectatic configuration look like?
dendrites
What does the reticulated configuration look like?
arteries going into capillaries
What does a zosteriform configuration look like?
along a dermatome it looks like
What does a keratotic configuration look like?
like it’s cracking and breaking off in little rectangles
What’s the difference between a nodule and a papule?
a nodule is larger and deeper than a papule
What’s the difference between tinea versicolor and vitiligo?
tinea versicolor is hyper or hypo pigmentation in a random area fungal infection common on back, vitiligo is hypopigmentation on hands
What is carotenemia??
yellow hands
What is heliotrope?
redness around the eyes
What is ecchymosis?
bruising
What is pityriasis rosea?
“herald patch” of red outline of patch
What’s the difference between eczema and psoriasis?
psoraisis is thicker more raised versus ezcema
What cancers should you educate your patient of?
basal and squamous cell skin cancers, melanomas, all hazards of sun exposure, 20% of americans
How do basal cell carcinomas present?
pearly erythematous translucent papules, or maybe subtle red macules
How do squamous cell carcinomas present?
crusted with a rough surface of flat reddish patches, inflamed/ulcerated appearance
How do melanomas present?
lethal, darker, have the ABCDEFG characteristics
What is the ABCDEFG method?
asymmetry
borders
colors >2
diameter >6mm
evolution
firm
growing
What’s the difference between actinic keratosis and seborrheic keratosis?
actinic - peeling, pale spots
seborrheic - darker
What is xanthelasma?
growths on the upper eye
What is alopecia areata?
loss of hair in random sections
What is trichotillomania?
hair pulling disorder
What is tinea capitis?
fungal infection affecting hair
What is paronychia?
Pus in the cuticle of the nail
What is a felon?
pustule in the finger pad
How can you diagnose clubbing?
schamroth’s sign where the fingers go outward, but it’s pretty obvious
what’s the difference between onychosis and onychomycosis?
onycholysis - white makes up 75% of the nail. Onychomycosis – majority yellowy and gross
What are terry’s nails?
The lunae is extended a lot
What are white spots on the nail?
leukonychia
What are Mees’ lines?
horizontalish white lines on nail bed
What are Beau’s Lines
what looks like horizontal depressions in the nail
What is melanoma in nails?
dark spot; abnormal color
What does tinea mean?
ringworm, fungal infection, ew!
