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Clin Skills > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between a macule and a patch?

A

size. Macule <.5, patch is >.5, both are flat and level to the skin

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2
Q

What is the difference between a papule and a plaque?

A

size. papule <.5, plaque is >.5. Both are raised and superficial.

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3
Q

What is the difference between a nodule and a tumor?

A

a nodule >.5 on the skin that extends deep, a tumor is a subcutaneous mass not on the superficial layer of the skin

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4
Q

What is the difference between a wheal and a comedo?

A

A wheal is swelling/hives, whereas a comedo is a plugged hair follicle filled with sebum (acne)

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5
Q

What is the difference between a pustule and a cyst?

A

size. <.5 for a pustule, >.5 for a cyst, both are filled with pus

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6
Q

What is telangiectasia?

A

spider veins very fine in color

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7
Q

What’s the difference between a vesicle and a bulla?

A

Size. <.5 and >.5cm , both have clear fluid

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8
Q

What is the difference between excoriation and lichenification?

A

scratching versus repeat rubbing causing thickening of the skin

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9
Q

What’s the difference between an erosion versus an ulcer?

A

an erosion is very defined, not very deep, more superficial, whereas the dermis is very deep, extending into many layers of the dermis

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10
Q

What is the difference between scaling and crusting?

A

secondary lesions
scale is flatlike , crust is hardened deposits

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11
Q

What is the difference between a fissure or atrophy?

A

secondary lesions
a fissure is linear, whereas atrophy is loss of skin elasticity

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12
Q

What’s the difference between petechiae and purpura?

A

petechiae is pinpoint and nonblanching, whereas purpura is hemorrhage of blood vessels (thicker), nonblanching

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13
Q

How much of the body weight does the skin take up?

A

16%

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14
Q

What are the five pigments that make up the skin?

A

Melanin (brownish), carotone (golden yellow, palms/soles), oxyhemoglobin (reddish) and deoxyhemoglobin (Cyanosis), bilirubin (yellow-brown)

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15
Q

What is the most important symptom when assessing rashes?

A

itching

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16
Q

What are things that could cause generalized itching without apparent rash?

A

dry skin, pregnancy, uremia, jaundice, lymphomas, leukemia, drug reaction, lice.

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17
Q

What do you measure sizes of skin lesions?

A

mm

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18
Q

What does the telagiectatic configuration look like?

A

dendrites

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19
Q

What does the reticulated configuration look like?

A

arteries going into capillaries

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20
Q

What does a zosteriform configuration look like?

A

along a dermatome it looks like

21
Q

What does a keratotic configuration look like?

A

like it’s cracking and breaking off in little rectangles

22
Q

What’s the difference between a nodule and a papule?

A

a nodule is larger and deeper than a papule

23
Q

What’s the difference between tinea versicolor and vitiligo?

A

tinea versicolor is hyper or hypo pigmentation in a random area fungal infection common on back, vitiligo is hypopigmentation on hands

24
Q

What is carotenemia??

A

yellow hands

25
Q

What is heliotrope?

A

redness around the eyes

26
Q

What is ecchymosis?

A

bruising

27
Q

What is pityriasis rosea?

A

“herald patch” of red outline of patch

28
Q

What’s the difference between eczema and psoriasis?

A

psoraisis is thicker more raised versus ezcema

29
Q

What cancers should you educate your patient of?

A

basal and squamous cell skin cancers, melanomas, all hazards of sun exposure, 20% of americans

30
Q

How do basal cell carcinomas present?

A

pearly erythematous translucent papules, or maybe subtle red macules

31
Q

How do squamous cell carcinomas present?

A

crusted with a rough surface of flat reddish patches, inflamed/ulcerated appearance

32
Q

How do melanomas present?

A

lethal, darker, have the ABCDEFG characteristics

33
Q

What is the ABCDEFG method?

A

asymmetry
borders
colors >2
diameter >6mm
evolution
firm
growing

34
Q

What’s the difference between actinic keratosis and seborrheic keratosis?

A

actinic - peeling, pale spots
seborrheic - darker

35
Q

What is xanthelasma?

A

growths on the upper eye

36
Q

What is alopecia areata?

A

loss of hair in random sections

37
Q

What is trichotillomania?

A

hair pulling disorder

38
Q

What is tinea capitis?

A

fungal infection affecting hair

39
Q

What is paronychia?

A

Pus in the cuticle of the nail

40
Q

What is a felon?

A

pustule in the finger pad

41
Q

How can you diagnose clubbing?

A

schamroth’s sign where the fingers go outward, but it’s pretty obvious

42
Q

what’s the difference between onychosis and onychomycosis?

A

onycholysis - white makes up 75% of the nail. Onychomycosis – majority yellowy and gross

43
Q

What are terry’s nails?

A

The lunae is extended a lot

44
Q

What are white spots on the nail?

A

leukonychia

45
Q

What are Mees’ lines?

A

horizontalish white lines on nail bed

46
Q

What are Beau’s Lines

A

what looks like horizontal depressions in the nail

47
Q

What is melanoma in nails?

A

dark spot; abnormal color

48
Q

What does tinea mean?

A

ringworm, fungal infection, ew!

Clin Skills (3 decks)

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