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Clin Skills > Nervous > Flashcards

Nervous Flashcards

1
Q

Where do motor nerves exit?

A

anterior nerve root

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2
Q

Where do sensory nerves exit?

A

posterior nerve root

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3
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves do we have?

A

31

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4
Q

What is a pyramidal or corticospinal pathway also called?

A

motor pathway

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5
Q

What happens with damage in the corticospinal tract?

A

weakness

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6
Q

What can damage to the basal ganglia cause?

A

rigidity, slowness, involuntary movements, posture/gait disturbances

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7
Q

What does damage to the cerebellar system cause?

A

impaired coordination, gait, equilibrium, decrease muscle tone

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8
Q

Which tract does pain, temperature, crude touch reach the brain?

A

spinothalamic tract

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9
Q

Which tract does vibration, proprioception, kinesthesia, pressure, fine touch do to reach the brain?

A

posterior column system

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10
Q

What should you ask about numbness?

A

pattern of sensory loss == stocking-glove distribution, patchy or non-dermatomal, occuring on one limb?

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11
Q

What does mental status include?

A
  • alertness
  • language function
  • memory
  • calculation
  • visuospatial processing
  • abstract reasoning
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12
Q

What should you watch for in involuntary movements?

A
  • tics
  • chorea
  • fasciculations
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13
Q

What is pronator drift?

A

checking for corticospinal tract lesion

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14
Q

What is normal muscle strength on the 0 to 5 scale?

A

5

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15
Q

What nerves test shoulder abduction?

A

C5, C6

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16
Q

What nerves supply elbow flexion?

A

C5, C6

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17
Q

What nerves supply elbow extension?

A

C6, C7, C8

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18
Q

What nerves supply wrist extension?

A

C6, C7, radial nerve

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19
Q

What nerves supply finger extension?

A

C7, C8, radial nerve

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20
Q

What nerves supply finger abduction?

A

C8, T1, ulnar nerve

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21
Q

What nerves supply thumb abduction?

A

C8, T1, median nerve

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22
Q

What nerves supply hip flexion?

A

L2, L3, L4, iliopsoas

23
Q

What nerves supply hip adduction?

A

L2, L3, L4

24
Q

What nerves supply hip abduction?

A

L4, L5, S1

25
Q

What nerves supply hip extension?

A

S1

26
Q

What nerves supply knee extension?

A

L2, L3, L4

27
Q

What nerves supply flexion at knee?

A

L4, L5, S1, S2

28
Q

What nerves supply ankle dorsiflexion?

A

L4, L5

29
Q

What nerves supply plantarflexion?

A

S1

30
Q

What four areas need to function for coordination?

A
  • motor system
  • vestibular system
  • sensory system
  • cerebellar system
31
Q

How do you assess coordination?

A
  • rapid alternating movements
  • point to point movements
  • gait stance
32
Q

What’s the Romberg test?

A

Standing without support and ability to maintain an upright posture

33
Q

What should you do when detecting sensory loss?

A

map out boundaries in detail

34
Q

What should you do for pain, temperature and touch sensation?

A

compare distal to proximal areas:
* both shoulders (C5)
* inner and outer forearms (C6 and T1)
* thumbs and fingers (C6 and C8)
* fronts of both thighs (L3)
* ankle at medial malleous (L4)
* dorsum of foot (L5)
* fifth toes (S1)
* medial aspect of buttock (S3)

35
Q

What is stereognosis?

A

identifying object by feeling it

36
Q

What is graphesthesia?

A

identify number drawn in hand

37
Q

What does two point discrimination test?

A

how finely innervated the skin is

38
Q

What should you test for if hyperactive reflex?

A

clonus

39
Q

How do you grade reflexes?

A

0-4; 2 = normal

40
Q

What is nuchal rigidity?

A

laying down, flex patient’s neck forward until chin touches chest

normally is easy — if difficult could be sign of meningitis

41
Q

What is the Brudzinski sign?

A

when the neck is flexed, the knees come up to compensate too

42
Q

What’s the Kernig sign?

A

flex the hips and knees –> slowly extend and watch for pain

43
Q

What’s the straight leg raise?

A

patient is supine, and raise the relaxed and strained leg – assess degree of elevation where pain occurs

44
Q

What is pain in the ipsilateral leg positive for?

A

lumbosacral radiculopathy

45
Q

What is pain in the contralateral leg positive for?

A

Cross straight leg raising sign

46
Q

What is asterixis?

A

metabolic encephaopathy with mental function impairment

test with patients in stop sign and sudden movement = positive

47
Q

What puts someone at risk of asterixis?

A

alcohol, liver disease, uremia, hypercapnia

48
Q

What are two things to never do with comatose patients?

A
  1. don’t dilate the pupils
  2. don’t flex the neck
49
Q

What are five ways to check the level of consciousness?

A
  1. alertness (normal)
  2. lethargy (speak loud)
  3. obtundation (shake)
  4. stupor (pinch tendon)
  5. coma (painful stimuli)
50
Q

What’s the glasgow coma scale?

A

higher number = best level of consciouness with
eyes open spontaneously - 4
obeys orders - 6
oriented, conversant - 5

51
Q

What do doll’s eyes movement indicate?

A

intact brainstem

52
Q

In a healthy patient, what is COWS?

A

Cold goes opposite with warm going to the same

53
Q

In a comatose patient how are COWS different?

A

cold stays same and warm goes opposite

CSWO

Clin Skills (9 decks)

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