Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clin Skills > Female Genitalia > Flashcards

Female Genitalia Flashcards

(90 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are Bartholin’s glands?

A

located posteriorly on either side of vaginal opening, not visible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s the vaginal surface of the cervix, covered by stratified columnar epithelium ?

A

ectocervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s the external opening of the cervix?

A

external cervical os

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens during puberty in the crvix?

A

broad band of SCE that surrounds the os is slowly replaced by stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s the transformation zone?

A

squamocolumnar junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What’s the adnexa?

A

ovaries, tubes, supporting tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two primary functions of ovaries?

A

production of ova and secretion of hormones (incl estrogen, progesterone & testosterone, stimulate 2ndary sex characteristics)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you assess the maturity in girls?

A

utilize the Tanner scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does lymph drain into from vulva and lower vagina?

A

inguinal nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does lymph from internal genitalia including upper vagina flow?

A

pelvic and abdominal lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This is a reminder

A

to review stages of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What’s stage 1 in development?

A

no breast tissue, no pubic hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What’s stage 2 in development?

A

breast buds, sparse, long pigmented hair along labia majora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s stage 3 in development?

A

enlargement of breast and areola w/o separation, with darkening, coarsing, curling of hair which extends up and laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What’s stage 4 in development?

A

areola & nipple form a mound atop breast tissue, hair of adult consistency limited to mons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s stage 5 in development?

A

adult configuration w areola & breast having smooth contour, hair spreads to medial aspect of thighs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What’s uterine cancer until proven otherwise?

A

postmenopausal bleeding – 6 months or more after cessation of bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What’s a primary dysmenorrhea cause?

A

result from increased prostaglandin production during luteal phase of menstrual cycle, when estrogen and progesterone levels decline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What’s a secondary dysmenorrhea cause?

A

endometriosis, adenomyosis, PID, endometrial polyps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What’s the criteria for diagnosis of PMS?

A

symptoms and signs in 5 days prior to menses for at least 3 consecutive cycles; cessation of symptoms & signs within 4 days after onset of menses and interference with ADLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What’s primary amenorrhea?

A

abscence of periods including menarche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What’s secondary amenorrhea?

A

abscence of periods after menarche (pregnancy, lactation, menopause, low body weight, dysfunction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What’s polymenorrhea?

A

less than 21 days between menses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What’s oligomenorrhea?

A

infrequent bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What's menorrhagia?
excessive flow
26
What's metrorrhagia?
intermenstrual bleeding
27
What does postcoital bleeding?
cervical polyps, cancer in older women, atrophic vaginitis
28
What does postmenopausal bleeding indicate?
endometrial cancer, HR, uterine & cervical polyps
29
When do girls usually get their period?
9-16 years, often take a year to become regular
30
When does menopause typically occur?
48-55
31
What's menopause?
accelerated bone loss, increase in total cholesterol and LDL, vulvovaginal atrophy, vasomotor symptoms, cessation for 12 months
32
What can help menopause but can increase health hazards?
hormone replacement therapy -- do not use for chronic conditions, and for the low dose and for the shortest duration
33
What's gravida?
number of times pregnant
34
What's para?
number of pregnancies reaching a viable gestational age (live and stillbirths)
35
What's abortus?
lost pregnancies, with stillbirths NOT counted
36
What's T1/P1/A1/ L3 or 1113?
term/premature/abortions/living
37
What are term births?
after 37 weeks
38
If a fetus is aborted after ___ weeks then it is counted as a premature birth
20
39
What do you need to ask about regarding a patient's sexual history?
relationship status, preferences WITHOUT judgement, concerns about sex life, satisfaction in sex life
40
What is dyspareunia?
pain during sex -- should be evaluated with respect to localization, timing, and other characteristics of pain
41
What should you consider with dyspareunia?
lack of estrogen, medical illness, and psychiatric conditions
42
What is vaginismus?
involuntary spasm of the muscles surrounding vaginal orifice, making penetration painful or impossible -- physical or physiological
43
What should you consider with sexual dysfunction?
general health, medications, alcohol, partners knowledge, attitudes, values, fears, communication, settings
44
Acute pelvic pain in menstruating girls and women warrant ___ attention
immediate
45
What could acute pelvic pain in menstruating girls and women be?
ectopic pregnancy, ovarian torsion, appendicitis -- consider recent instrumentation, IUD placement, STDs, GI, urinary sources
46
What's chronic pelvic pain?
pain lasting more than 6 months and does not respond to treatment. Ask pt to keep a pain journal
47
What occurs due to retrograde mensural flow and extension of uterine lining outside the uterus?
endometriosis
48
What are tumors in the uterine wall, submucosal or subserosal surfaces and a red flag for history of sexual abuse?
adenosis and fibroids
49
What's the most important risk for cervical CA?
persistent infection w/ high risk HPV 16 or 18
50
What are two notable risk factors of cervical cancer?
failure to undergo screening and multiple sexual partners
51
How long does it take for an HPV lesion to progress to cervical cancer?
10 years
52
What HPVs are associated with genital warts?
6 and 11
53
what are other risk factors for cervical cancer?
smoking, immunosuppression, long-term use of oral contraception, coinfection w/ chlamydia, parity, prior cervical CA, genetic polymorphisms affecting entry of HPV DNA, diethylstilbestrol estrogen
54
What's an average risk woman?
no history of high-grade, precancerous cervical lesion, not immunocompromised, no in utero exposure to DES
55
When should you start being screened for cervical cancer?
21
56
How often should you be screened after 21?
21-65 every 3 years or 21-29 every 3 years and 30-65 AND HPV testing for high risk
57
When do you end cervical screening?
age >65 years, assuming 3 consecutive negative results or 2 and HPV testing w/n 10 years, with the most recent being within 5 years
58
What are the ways you can classify pap smear cytology?
1) negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy 2) epithelial cell abnormalities (precancerous and cancer lesions such as squamous cells or glandular cells) 3) other malignant neoplasms, such as sarcomas or lymphomas
59
What are squamous cells to note on a pap smear?
ASC of undetermined significance (US) low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) including mild dysplasia high-grade squamous epithelial lesions (HSIL), including moderate and severe dysplasia w/ features of suspicious for invasion invasive squamous cell carcinoma
60
What are glandular cells to note on a pap smear?
atypical endocervical cells specified or not, or favor neoplasia atypical endometrial cells specififed or NOS atypical glandular cells favoring neoplasia endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ adenocarcinoma
61
When is HPV vaccine recommended?
Routine for girls 11 & 12, 3 dose series over 6 months, recommended for both boys and girls before the age 9
62
What's the catch-up vaccination?
recommended 13-26 who have not had prior vaccination
63
How prevalent is ovarian cancer?
2/3 of women affected are over 55 yo.
64
When ovarian cancer has metastasized to the peritoneal cavity or other organs?
25%
65
What are 3 IMPORTANT symptoms of ovarian cancer?
abdominal distention, abdominal bloating, urinary frequency
66
What are risk factors of ovarian cancer?
history of breast cancer, or BRCA2 gene mutation, 1st degree relative w/ breast or ovarian CA risk is DECREASED with oral contraceptives, pregnancy, hx of breastfeeding
67
What is the most commonly reported STI?
chlamydia trachomatis
68
Without treatment for chlamydia what happens?
PID
69
What should you screen for in all pregnant women?
chlamydia, syphilis, Hep B, HIV
70
What should you screen for at least once a year for sexually active LGB and MSM?
chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis
71
T/F: HIV testing should happen at least once ages 13-64yo
true
72
T/F: HIV testing once a year is not needed for unsafe sex practices, IV drug users
false
73
What's the failure rate of natural birth control?
18%
74
What's the failure rate of a condom?
18% (condom), 6-12% (diaphragm)
75
What's the failure rate of an implantable?
IUD and subdermal implant at lowest rate (.8%)
76
What's the failure rate of pharmacologic/hormonal?
spermicide, birth control pill, injections, patches, vaginal rings (6-12%)
77
What does HRT of estrogen + progestin and estrogen alone put a patient at risk for?
decreased risk for fractures, BUT increased risk of stroke, thromboembolic events, gallbladder, and urinary incontinence
78
What does HRT of estrogen + progestin put them at risk for?
risk for breast cancer and probable dementia
79
What does HRT of estrogen alone put them at risk for?
decreased risk of breast cancer
80
What are some techniques of examination?
- avoid intercourse 24-48 - empty bladder - lie supine w head and shoulders elevated - obtain consent - select chaperones - drapes from mid-abdomen to knees, depress the drapes between the knees - avoid unexpected or sudden movement (announce what you are going to do) - choose correct size speculum - warm speculum - watch for patient's face - gentle technique
81
What are the 3 different steps of examination?
external inspection, bimanual examination (if indicated: rectovaginal exam), cervical evaluation w/ pap smear
82
What are you looking at in the external examination?
assess sexual maturity, warn patient before you touch: labia minora, clitorus, urethral meatus, introitus (note inflammation, ulcerations, discharge, swelling, palpate for lesions)
83
If there's swelling/inflammation on the external genitalia, examine and palpate Bartholin Glands?
bartholin glands inflammation
84
When examining the cervix, apply _____ pressure at the introitus to slightly enlarge the vaginal opening
downward
85
Insert the speculum while it is ______, past your fingers in a _____ slope
closed, downward
86
Only open the speculum with inserted to its ____ _______
full length
87
What should you note about the cervix?
color, position, surface characteristics, ulcerations, nodules, masses, bleeding, discharge
88
What specimens do you need for examining the cervix?
one specimen from endocervix, one specimen from ectocervix for sexually active 26 or younger, other asymptomatic women at risk of infection, culture routinely
89
How should you examine bimanually?
lubricate index and middle fingers --> insert lubricated finger into vagina and note nodularities, tenderness, palpate the cervix, uterus, place your fingers in the anterior fornix and place hand on patient's abdomen and palpate the body of uterus between hands, and palpate each ovary
90
What are 4 indications for rectovaginal examination?
palpate retroverted uterus, palpate uterosacral ligament, cul-de-sac, and adnexa, screen for colonrectal cancer in women 50y/o older, and assess for pelvic pathology

Clin Skills (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions