skills Flashcards
Define skill
learned ability to bring about a predetermined results with maximum certainity
Define open skill
- affected by the environment
- movements must be adapted
Define closed skill
- not affected by the environment
- set movements
Define high complex skill
- large amount of information to process
- quick decision making
Define low complex skill
- small amount of information to process
- slow decision making
Define highly organised skill
- sub-routines closely intergrated
- better as whole
Define low organised skill
- better off practiced seperately
Define gross skills
- uses large muscle groups
Define fine skills
- uses small muscle groups
Define discrete skill
- clear beginning and end
Define serial skill
- order of elements are important
Define continious skill
no clear beginning and end
Define self paced skill
- performer starts the skill
Define externally paced skill
performer has no control over the rate of skill
Define positive learning transfer
skills that have been learned facilitate the learning of other skills
Define negative skill transfer
skills that have been learnt inhibit the learning of other skills
Define zero skill transfer
skill has no effect on learning of another skill
Define bi-lateral skill transfer
transfer from one limb to another
How do coaches ensure positive transfer
- realistic training
- ensure skill is learnt well before hand
- positive reinforcement
- stop bad habits
- similarities
Define whole practice
task that can be presented in its entirety with sub-routines in tact
When is whole practice used
- closed
- discrete
- simple
- high organisation
Advantages of whole practice
- fluency
- keeps links between sub-routines
- motor programmes - kinaesthetic
Disadvantage of whole practice
- cannot be used for beginners
- beyond capabilities
- too much information
Define whole part whole practice
practice skill in its entirety
isolate a part of a skill/ weakness to work on
When to use whole part whole practice
- fast
- discrete
- hard to break down
Advantages of whole part whole practice
- gives motivation
- gives feedback
- maintains feeling of skill
Define progressive part practice
when each part of the skill is added gradually
When to use progressive part practice
- serial
- complex
- dangerous
Advantages of progressive part practice
- fluency
- boredom
- time consuming
Advantages of progressive part practice
- good for beginners
- reduce danger
- confidence
- reduce fatigue
Define massed practice
no rest intervals
enhances over learning
When to use massed practice
- experienced
- discrete
- simple
Advantages of massed practice
- increases fitness
- over learning
Disadvantages of massed practice
- no feedback
- easily fatigued
Define distributed practice
rest intervals
When to use distributed practice
- beginner
- complex
- serial
Advantages of distributed practice
- less mental pressure
- rest intervals
- allow mental rehearsal
- less dangerous
Disadvantages of distributed practice
- time consuming
- negative transfer
When to use varied practice
- beginner
- open
- different methods
- practice different settings
Advantages of varied practice
- motivation
- develops schema
- builds sub-routines
Disadvantages of varied practice
- negative transfer
- time consuming
When to use mental practice
- complex
-serial - before competition
Advantages of mental practice
- improves confidence
- lowers anxiety
- reduces fatigue
- develops cognitive ability
Disadvantages of mental practice
- must be correct
