learning theories Flashcards
Definition of learning
the more or less permanent change in performance that is associated with experiences in practice
Definition of performance
may be thought to be a temporary occurance that can change from time to time because of external and internal influences
What are the three stages of learning
- cognitive
- associative
- autonomous
Describe the cognitive stage
- movements may lack co-ordination
- performer needs time to think while using extrinsic feedback
- trial and error
- motor programme not developed
Describe the associative stage
- motor programmes start to form
- practice is used to perfect movement
- movement more smooth
- some trial and error
Describe the autonomous stage
- motor programmes fully formed
- completed efficiently and attention to detail
- must use open-loop control
- must continously stay in the phase
Definition of knowledge of results
concerns the outcome
Definition of knowledge of performance
- about the technique of the skill
What types of feedback are used in the cognitive stage
- extrinsic
- positive
- knowledge of results
What types of feedback are used in the associative stage
- mixture or extrinsic and intrinsic
- knowledge of performance
What types of feedback are used in the autonomous stage
- intrinsic
- negative
- knowledge of performance
What are the causes of plateau
- boredom
- lack of motivation
- limit of ability
- bad coaching
- fatigue
- injury
- low goals
Definition of the learning plateau
a period of time where there is no sign of improvement
Definition of drive reduction
performer has gained success on the task and intial drive to succeed has been lost
new task is needed to maintain motivation
Definition of intrinsic feedback
comes as a consquence of performing the action
feeling the task/skill
