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PE > neuromuscular system > Flashcards

neuromuscular system Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of sympathetic

A

prepares our body for exercise
flight or fight response

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2
Q

Definition of parasympathetic

A

relaxes the body
rest

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3
Q

Description of type 1 muscle fibres

A
  • slower contraction speed
  • better adopted to lower intensity exercise
  • produce energy aerobically
  • example: marathon/triathlon
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4
Q

Description of type 2a muscle fibres (slow oxidative glycolytic)

A
  • generate greater force of contraction
  • faster contraction speed
  • fatigue quickly
  • produce energy anaerobically
  • use oxygen but not lots
  • example: 1500m run/400m swim
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5
Q

Description of type 2x muscle fibres (fast glycolytic)

A
  • provides greatest muscle contraction
  • fatigue quickly
  • used for explosive events
  • short burts of energy
  • example: 50m swim/100m sprint
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6
Q

Effect of training on muscle fibres

A
  • fibre types are genetically determined
  • can increase the size of the muscle fibres through training (hypertrophy)
  • results in greater strength of the muscle
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7
Q

Definition of motor unit

A

consists of a motor neurone and muscle fibres
only 1 type of muscle fibre can be found in 1 motor unit

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8
Q

What does each motor neurone have

A

neuromuscular junction

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9
Q

All or none law

A
  • once the motor neurone stimulates the muscle fibres either all of them work or none of them work
  • it is not possible for a motor unit to partially contract
  • a minimum amount of stimulation is called ‘threshold’
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10
Q

Definition of wave summation

A

repeated nerve impulses with no time to relax so a smooth sustained contraction occurs rather than twitches

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11
Q

Definition of tetanic contraction

A

most forceful contraction

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12
Q

Why is calcium needed in a muscle

A

to contract the muscle
* each time the nerve impulse reaches the muscle cell calcium is released

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13
Q

Definition of spatial summation

A

addition of impulses recieved at different places on the neurone

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14
Q

When does spatial summation occur

A

nerve impulses recieved at the same time at difference places on the neurone

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15
Q

What does PNF stand for

A

proprioreceptive neuromuscular facilitation

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16
Q

What is PNF

A

advanced muscle stretching technique
contract - relax- antagonist - contract

17
Q

What do muscle spindles do

A
  • provide information (excitatory signals) to the CNS about how fast and how far the muscle is being stretched
  • CNS sends impulse to the muscle telling it to contract, triggering the stretch reflex
  • reflex action causes the muscle to contract to prevent overstretching, reducing the risk of injury
18
Q

What do the golgi tendons do

A
  • when the muscle is contracted isometrically in PNF they sense the increase in muscle tension
  • they send inhibitory signals to the brain to override the stretch reflex
  • allows the antagonist muscle to relax and lengthen (autogenic inhibition)
19
Q

Functional characteristics of type 1 (slow twitch) muscle fibres

A
  • slow contraction speed
  • slow motor neurone conduction capacity
  • low force produced
  • low fatigability
  • high aerobic capacity
  • low anaerobic capacity
  • low myosin ATPase capacity
20
Q

Structural characteristics of type 1 (slow twitch) muscle fibres

A
  • small motor neurone size
  • high mitochondrial density
  • high myglobin content
  • high capillary density
21
Q

Functional characteristics of type 2 a (fast oxidative glycolytic) muscle fibres

A
  • fast contraction speed
  • fast motor neurone conduction capacity
  • high force produced
  • medium fatigability
  • medium aerobic capacity
  • high anaerobic capacity
  • high myosin ATPase capacity
22
Q

Structural characteristics type 2 a (fast oxidative glycolytic) muscle fibres

A
  • large motor neurone
  • medium mitochondrial density
  • medium myglobin
  • medium capillary density
23
Q

Functional characteristics of type 2 x (fast glycolytic) muscle fibres

A
  • fast contraction speed
  • fast motor neurone conduction capacity
  • high force produced
  • high fatigability
  • low aerobic capacity
  • high anaerobic capacity
  • very high myosin ATPase capacity
24
Q

Structural characteristics of type 2 x (fast glycolytic) muscle fibres

A
  • large motor neurone size
  • high mitochondrial density
  • low myoglobin density
  • low capillary density

PE (12 decks)

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