Skilled Performance

Question 1

What is a skill?

Answer 1

The ability to economically coordinate and control the movement to achieve the task goal

Question 2

What is skilled performance?

Answer 2

For an individual it is relative as a person may be skilled in one sport but not in another and even within a sport a person can be at various stages of learning in the mastery of skills of that sport.

Question 3

What is a basic skill?

Answer 3

Where there is little information to process when doing the skill and speed and timing are non-essential e.g. playing a short pass to a teammate under no pressure

Question 4

What is a complex skill?

Answer 4

A skill where there are many decisions to make and speed and timing are essential. E.g. making a interception

Question 5

What is a closed skill?

Answer 5

Fewer number of factors outside the control of the performer like a ground pass to a close teammate as it can’t be affected by much factors like the weather or pitch or the crowd watching

Question 6

What is an open skill?

Answer 6

Greater number of factors outside the control of the performer. E.g. a long pass as it can be affected by the weather and an opponent intercepting the pass

Question 7

What is a discrete skill?

Answer 7

Has a define start and finish e.g. shooting

Question 8

What is a continuous skill?

Answer 8

Is repeated over and over again e.g. swimming

Question 9

What is a serial skill?

Answer 9

A number of skills that have been linked together e.g. triple jump

Question 10

What are cognitive skills?

Answer 10

Those that involve the brain working e.g. reading instructions over and over again to learn a skill

Question 11

What are perceptual skills?

Answer 11

Involve the brain having to interpret given info and to make decisions based on it

Question 12

What are motor skills?

Answer 12

Involve the control of the muscles to carry out the movements

Question 13

What are perceptual motor skills?

Answer 13

Involve all cognitive, perceptual and motor skills (thinking, interpretation and execution of movements)

Question 14

What does techniques mean? (Related to motor skills)

Answer 14

It is the building blocks of skilled performance. How well you perform it is based on coordination, balance, reaction time and agility

Question 15

What is coordination?

Answer 15

Ability of the brain and muscles to work together to perform smooth accurate movements

Question 16

What is balance?

Answer 16

Ability to be in a state of equilibrium whether static or moving

Question 17

What is reaction time?

Answer 17

Ability to react to a stimulus

Question 18

What is agility?

Answer 18

Ability to change direction efficiently and effectively when moving at speed

Question 19

What is the cognitive stage of learning?

Answer 19

You have to work out in your mind what you have to do.
Movements are not efficient, effective or coordinated.
You make lots of mistakes and can be anxious and lack confidence

Question 20

What is the associative stage of learning?

Answer 20

You practise the skill over and over with feedback to refine your technique.
Movements become more efficient, effective and coordinated.
You make fewer mistakes and feel more in control and confident.

Question 21

What is the autonomous stage of learning?

Answer 21

You are able to perform it automatically without needing to think about it.
Movements are efficient, effective and coordinated.
Make few mistakes and are in control and confident.
You are able to focus on opponents and environmental conditions in a competitive situation.

Question 22

What is whole practise?

Answer 22

Practising the entire skill

Question 23

What is part practise and whole-part-whole practise?

Answer 23

Part practise - practicing one part or section of a skill in isolation.
Whole-part-whole - practicing the entire skill in order to discover any weaknesses in performance

Question 24

What is mental practise?

Answer 24

Visualising yourself doing the skill over and over in your mind

Question 25

What is fixed or drill practise?

Answer 25

Practicing the skill under the same conditions each time

Question 26

What is variable practise?

Answer 26

Practising the skill in a variety of different contexts and conditions

Question 27

What is problem-solving practise?

Answer 27

Being given situations in which you perform your skills while trying out different solutions

Question 28

What is conditioned games practise?

Answer 28

Playing the game but with certain restrictions which are not normally part of the rules e.g. three touch match

Question 29

What is concurrent and terminal feedback?

Answer 29

Concurrent - given during the performance. It can be intrinsic or extrinsic.
Terminal - given after the skill. It is extrinsic

Question 30

What is intrinsic feedback?

Answer 30

Internal feedback, provides info on the ‘feel’ of performing the sequence of movements.
Includes info on balance and on the tension in muscles. Info comes from the inner ear and proprioceptors in muscles, tendons and joints. Also includes info from interceptors in the internal organs e.g. heart and lungs

Question 31

What is extrinsic feedback?

Answer 31

External feedback, provides info on the performance from external sources e.g. you, a teacher, coach, video clip.
There are two types:
Knowledge of results - little info on quality of performance.
Knowledge of performance - info on quality of performance

Question 32

What is arousal?

Answer 32

Your state of alertness, it is both a physical and mental condition. Physical controlled by the automatic nervous system and mental controlled by the brain.
High levels of arousal would be someone that tends to get over-excited or over-anxious.
Low levels would be someone who tends to be very relaxed and calm.

Question 33

How raise arousal?

Answer 33

Mental imagery, coach or manager motivating you with a pep talk, seeing the opposition and their determination

Question 34

How to lower arousal?

Answer 34

Relaxation techniques (lower heart rate, slow down breathing or remove tension from muscles).
Mental imagery