Skilled Performance Flashcards
What is a skill?
The ability to economically coordinate and control the movement to achieve the task goal
What is skilled performance?
For an individual it is relative as a person may be skilled in one sport but not in another and even within a sport a person can be at various stages of learning in the mastery of skills of that sport.
What is a basic skill?
Where there is little information to process when doing the skill and speed and timing are non-essential e.g. playing a short pass to a teammate under no pressure
What is a complex skill?
A skill where there are many decisions to make and speed and timing are essential. E.g. making a interception
What is a closed skill?
Fewer number of factors outside the control of the performer like a ground pass to a close teammate as it can’t be affected by much factors like the weather or pitch or the crowd watching
What is an open skill?
Greater number of factors outside the control of the performer. E.g. a long pass as it can be affected by the weather and an opponent intercepting the pass
What is a discrete skill?
Has a define start and finish e.g. shooting
What is a continuous skill?
Is repeated over and over again e.g. swimming
What is a serial skill?
A number of skills that have been linked together e.g. triple jump
What are cognitive skills?
Those that involve the brain working e.g. reading instructions over and over again to learn a skill
What are perceptual skills?
Involve the brain having to interpret given info and to make decisions based on it
What are motor skills?
Involve the control of the muscles to carry out the movements
What are perceptual motor skills?
Involve all cognitive, perceptual and motor skills (thinking, interpretation and execution of movements)
What does techniques mean? (Related to motor skills)
It is the building blocks of skilled performance. How well you perform it is based on coordination, balance, reaction time and agility
What is coordination?
Ability of the brain and muscles to work together to perform smooth accurate movements
What is balance?
Ability to be in a state of equilibrium whether static or moving
What is reaction time?
Ability to react to a stimulus
What is agility?
Ability to change direction efficiently and effectively when moving at speed
What is the cognitive stage of learning?
You have to work out in your mind what you have to do.
Movements are not efficient, effective or coordinated.
You make lots of mistakes and can be anxious and lack confidence
What is the associative stage of learning?
You practise the skill over and over with feedback to refine your technique.
Movements become more efficient, effective and coordinated.
You make fewer mistakes and feel more in control and confident.
What is the autonomous stage of learning?
You are able to perform it automatically without needing to think about it.
Movements are efficient, effective and coordinated.
Make few mistakes and are in control and confident.
You are able to focus on opponents and environmental conditions in a competitive situation.
What is whole practise?
Practising the entire skill
What is part practise and whole-part-whole practise?
Part practise - practicing one part or section of a skill in isolation.
Whole-part-whole - practicing the entire skill in order to discover any weaknesses in performance
What is mental practise?
Visualising yourself doing the skill over and over in your mind
What is fixed or drill practise?
Practicing the skill under the same conditions each time
What is variable practise?
Practising the skill in a variety of different contexts and conditions
What is problem-solving practise?
Being given situations in which you perform your skills while trying out different solutions
What is conditioned games practise?
Playing the game but with certain restrictions which are not normally part of the rules e.g. three touch match
What is concurrent and terminal feedback?
Concurrent - given during the performance. It can be intrinsic or extrinsic.
Terminal - given after the skill. It is extrinsic
What is intrinsic feedback?
Internal feedback, provides info on the ‘feel’ of performing the sequence of movements.
Includes info on balance and on the tension in muscles. Info comes from the inner ear and proprioceptors in muscles, tendons and joints. Also includes info from interceptors in the internal organs e.g. heart and lungs
What is extrinsic feedback?
External feedback, provides info on the performance from external sources e.g. you, a teacher, coach, video clip.
There are two types:
Knowledge of results - little info on quality of performance.
Knowledge of performance - info on quality of performance
What is arousal?
Your state of alertness, it is both a physical and mental condition. Physical controlled by the automatic nervous system and mental controlled by the brain.
High levels of arousal would be someone that tends to get over-excited or over-anxious.
Low levels would be someone who tends to be very relaxed and calm.
How raise arousal?
Mental imagery, coach or manager motivating you with a pep talk, seeing the opposition and their determination
How to lower arousal?
Relaxation techniques (lower heart rate, slow down breathing or remove tension from muscles).
Mental imagery
