Muscular System Flashcards
Three functions of the muscles system
- Movement as the muscles allow the bones to move. Muscles contract or relax to move them
- Support, the muscles are strong to cope with weight-bearing exercises and they help to support and stabilise the joints
- Heat production, when the muscles contract and relax they produce heat. They do this over and over again to keep producing heat
Short term effects of exercise on the muscular system
- Muscles contact more often. When you exercise your skeletal muscles must work harder and contract more often. They require more nutrients
- Blood flow to the muscles increase as the circulatory system works harder to increase blood flow to the working muscles.
- Muscles temp rises, this is dispersed from the muscles through the blood to the skin where blood is cooled, this helps regulate body temp
What do muscles need for energy?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What are the characteristics of the Alactic Acid system?
- Associated with high intensity work
- The body has enough ATP to produce energy for approx 1 second
- After this creatine phosphate is broken down to produce ATP through the Alactic system
- This produces approx, another 9 secs of work
Characteristics of the lactic system
- After loads of high intensity work it’s the lactic acid system that supplies ATP
- This can produce energy for another 40 secs before the build up of lactic acid stops the muscles from working.
- These two systems provide fuel for high intensity work when respiratory & circulatory systems are unable to supply muscles with oxygen they need
- Up to 50 secs
Sporting example of lactic acid system
- 200m sprint
- 400m sprint
What is oxygen debt?
The need to replace the fuel sources and remove lactic acid.
During recovery you are said to be paying back an oxygen debt
Characteristics of the aerobic system
- Low to moderate intensity (over 1 min)
- Aerobic energy system is used when the exercise isn’t intense and the respiratory & circulatory systems are able to deliver enough 02 to working muscles
- Glycogen and fats are broken down to provide ATP for energy
- The waste products produced are broken down by 02 into c02 and breathed out
What is DOMS?
(Delayed onset muscle stiffness) is stiffness and pain that you feel between 24 and 48 hours after doing high intensity physical exercise that your body isn’t accustomed to
What are the prime movers?
- Muscles work in pairs
- Two muscles that work together are known as antagonistic pairs
- The prime mover = aganist
- The other muscles = antagonist
- The flexor is the muscles that bends a limb
- The extensor muscle straightens a limb
What is concentric and eccentric muscles?
- A concentric contraction occurs when a working muscle gets shorter and fatter
- An eccentric contraction occurs when a working muscle gets longer and thinner
What is isometric and isotonic contractions?
- An isotonic contraction is when a muscle is working against resistance and it shortens or lengthens
- An isometric contraction is when a muscle is working and stays the same length there is no movement
Characteristics of slow twitch fibres
- Designed for endurance
- They contract and relax slowly
- Produces little amounts of force
- Doesn’t tire quickly
- Carries oxygen 3x more fast than fast twitch
- It has 12x more mitochondria than fast twitch fibres
Characteristics of fast twitch fibres
- Designed for high intensity
- Contacts and relaxes quickly
- Produces 10x more force
- Tires quickly
Long term effects of regular aerobic endurance on slow twitch fibres
- An increase network of arteries, capillaries and veins - food and oxygen can be delivered and waste products can be taken away
- An increase store of myoglobin - 80% more oxygen can be taken into the muscles
- An increase in the number and size of mitochondria - muscle can produce more energy
4.
