Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Functions of the CV system during physical activity and sport

Answer 1

1. Transport oxygen and nutrients - the heart transports oxygen around the body. Which releases energy stored in glucose.
2. Remove waste products - e.g. C02 and lactic acid. The heart carries away waste products that cells produce
3. Clots, cuts and open wounds - blood contains platelets, these help to clot blood, forming a scab
4. Regulates body temperature - if your body gets too hot, the blood vessels close to your skin dilate

Question 2

Pulmonary circuit

Answer 2

Deoxygenated blood come back from working muscles
Superior vena cave
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Lungs

Question 3

Systemic circuit

Answer 3

Lungs
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aorta

Question 4

Characteristics of arteries

Answer 4

1. The oxygen and blood from your heart to your body
2. Thickest type of blood vessel
3. They help keep your blood pressure steady
4. They tighten or loosen their walls to control blood flow
5. 10% of your blood is in your arteries at any time

Question 5

Characteristics of veins

Answer 5

1. Blood from parts of the body back to the heart
2. Little thinner than arteries
3. Have valves to prevent blood from flowing back
4. They have 3 layers
5. They are blue because of how the skin scatters and absorbs light

Question 6

Characteristics of capillaries

Answer 6

1. Transport blood, nutrients and oxygen to cells in your organs and body systems
2. They are the tiniest vessels
3. They take waste products away from your tissues
4. Help your body move substances into and out of your bloodstream to and from organs
5. There are 3 types: continuous, finest rated and sinusaidal

Question 7

How does blood flow change during physical activity and exercise?

Answer 7

1. This is a high pressure and velocity of blood as it leaves the heart
   2.

Question 8

Heart rate

Answer 8

Number of cardiac cycles (heart beats) per minute

Question 9

Stroke volume

Answer 9

The amount of blood pumped out from the heart per beat (left ventricle)

Question 10

Cardiac output

Answer 10

The amount of blood pumped out from the heart in one minute (left side)

Heart rate X stroke volume = cardiac output

Question 11

Short term effects of the CV system

Answer 11

1. Release of adrenaline causes the heart rate to rise when you start exercising = blood flow increase
2. Cardiac output increase and stroke volume increases
3. Production of CO2 increases
4. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation ensure blood is redirected to areas that need it. Blood flow is largely diverted to the muscles
5. Organs such as kidneys, stomach and intestines receive less amounts of O2

Question 12

Long term effects of regular aerobic training on the CV system

Answer 12

1. Heart becomes larger and thicker. This means more force can be applied on each contraction
2. The heart chambers will become larger, holding more blood for each contraction
3. An increase in stroke volume means resting heart rate becomes lower
4. The body can delay and resist the build up of lactic acid for longer

Question 13

Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right?

Answer 13

The left pumps blood for all parts and tissues of the body and therefore needs thicker walls for more work that needs done