Skeleton and Locomotion Flashcards
Match the terms to their location
axis
sternum
pubis
metacarpals
calcaneus
Match the terms to their location
phalanges
ulna
ischium
thoracic vertebrae
scapula
Match the terms to their location
cranium
ilium
lumbar vertebrae
humerus
carpals
Match the terms to their location
sacral vertebrae
femur
radius
metatarsals
olecranon
Match the terms to their location
patella
caudal vertebrae
mandible
ribs
fibula
Match the terms to their location
tibia
tarsals
cervical vertebrae
atlas
Describe the 2 main divisions of the mammalian skeleton and what is included in each division
What is this? Describe its general function and label the parts.
What are the first two cervical vertebrae called and why are they special?
What is connected to the thoracic vertebrae? What are 3 main functions of this attached apparatus? What else does most of this apparatus attach to?
What are the 2 main sections of the appendicular skeleton? What are the proper terms for the parts that make up each section?
What are the functions of the pelvis? To what does it attach?
What is the general pattern of bones moving away from the body on the pectoral and pelvic girdles in mammals?
Describe mammalian skeletal rigidity and growth using these terms:
articular surfaces
metaphysis
epiphysis
diaphysis
epiphyseal line
How does this growth strategy compare to reptiles?
Define these locomotion terms:
Cursorial
Plantigrade
Digitigrade
Unguligrade
Saltatorial
Richochetal
Graviportal
Label each of these cursorial locomotion styles
Define Fossorial and Semi-fossorial.
What characteristics migh fossorial species have (body shape/size, neck, tail, eyes, pinnae, girdles, limbs)
What groups of mammals might be included here?
Define these locomotion terms and give an example of each
Aerial
Volant
Arboreal
Scansorial
Brachiating
Sloth
Gliding
Describe semi-aquatic and aquatic locomotion with regards to:
body features
movement/undulation type
eyes
fins/tails
examples
What 2 factors determine running speed?
Describe how each of these factors have evolved with relation to speed
Stride length (limbs, clavicle, lateral movement)
Number of toes (heel, foot posture, metacarpal/metatarsal)
Bone lengths and # of moving joints
Spine flexibility
Describe Perissodactyls
examples
main weight bearing axis
ankle configuration
Describe Artiodactyls
examples
main weight bearing axis
ankle configuration
What is the general formula for speed with regards to bone lengths, weight distribution on toes/# of toes?
