Lab Exam 3 Flashcards
Common name, Order, Family, diet, dentition/mandible, conservation
Pangolin
Order: Pholidota
Family: Manidae
diet: myrmecophagous
lacks teeth, reduced mandible
IUCN Critically Endangered (poaching/trafficking)
Bat skeleton parts
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features
Big Brown Bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Eptesicus fuscus
ID: Large (>100mm), brown, black muzzle, blunt tragus
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features
Eastern Red Bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Lasiurus borealis
ID: reddish-orange to yellowish-brown, white-tipped hair esp. near neck, small pointed tragus, furry tail, large
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features
Evening Bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Nycticeius humeralis
ID: small, dull light brown, blunt tragus curved inward, rounded ears w/ few hairs darker than fur, blackish wings
Common name, Order, Family, ID features, diet
Fruit Bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Pteropodidae (Flying Foxes)
ID: very large w/ huge orbits
frugivorous
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features
Gray Bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Myotis grisescens
ID: gray fur, or brownish fur that appears to be graying, wing membrane attached at ankle, pointed tragus
Federally Endangered
Common name, Order, Family, ID features, diet, special adaptation, range
Hammerhead bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Pteropodidae (Flying Foxes)
ID: large, tall rostrum
frugivorous
special nasal resonators to signal other bats
subsaharan African forests
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features
Hoary Bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Lasiurus cinereus
ID: large (>120mm), black-edged ears, frosted back w/ patches of tan-yellow, yellow throat and cheeks
Order, Family, ID features, range, disease risk
Horseshoe Bat family
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Rhinolophidae
ID: tiny
SE Asia
Carries many viruses including SARS-COV-2
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features
Indiana Bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Myotis sodalis
ID: small, brown to grayish dull fur, dark brown wing membrane attached along foot
Federally Endangered
highly social, clusters in caves (like Carter Caves in KY)
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features
Mexican free-tailed bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Molossidae
Tadarida brasiliensis
ID: tail extends way past uropatagium, heavily braced forearms
rare in KY
Order, Family, ID features, range
New World leaf-nosed bats
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Phyllostomidae
ID: tiny skull, reduced dentition w/ puncturing teeth
Central & South America
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features
Northern long-eared bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Myotis septentrionalis
ID: ear 16-19mm long (extends beyon nose when flat), pointed tragus, wing attached along foot, small-medium body size
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features
Rafinesque’s big-eared bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Corynorhinus rafinesquii
ID: ears >25mm, lumps flanking the muzzle, bicolor fur, toe hairs very long (beyond tips)
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features
Silver-haired bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Lasionycteris noctivagans
ID: medium-large, blackish-brown with frosted back and reddish ear base
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features
Southeastern bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Myotis austroriparius
ID: medium sized, ears with rounded tips, dull brown back w/ tinges of yellow, yellow-brown belly w/ white tips
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features
Tricolored bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Perimyotis subflavus
ID: small size, tricolored fur on back, black wings w/ reddish joints and forearms, often have condensation on fur, pointed tragus
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features
Virginia Big-eared Bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus
ID: ears <= 20mm, lumpless muzzle, toe hairs do not extend past toe tips, fur not distinctly bi-colored
Common name, Order, Family, diet, ID features
Aardwolf
Order: Carnivora
Family: Hyaenidae
myrmecophagous
Common name, Order, Family, ID features
American Lion
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
largest cat ever
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, habitat/range
Bobcat
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Lynx rufus
habitat generalist
most of U.S.
ID the parts
cat skeleton
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, habitat/range
Cougar/mountain lion
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Puma concolor
habitat generalist
most widely distributed cat of the Americas
Traits common to all felids:
tracks/prints
dentition
skull features
tracks: claws retracted (not visible), middle 2 toes asymmetrical
reduced, hypercarnivorous dentition
short face, large orbits
sharp orbital processes
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features
House cat
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Felis domestricus
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, range
Jaguar
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Panthera onca
largest American cat
southern U.S.-S. America
tropical/subtropical
Common name, Order, Family, ID features, range
Jaguarundi
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
subtropical small cat
smooth uniform pelage
small head-body ratio, flatter skull than ocelot
Common name, Order, Family, ID features, range
Ocelot
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
subtropical small cat
spotted pelage
skull not as flat as jaguarundi
Common name, Order, Family, ID features
Siberian tiger
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
largest extant cat
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, range
Lynx or Canada lynx
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Lynx canadensis
snow specialist, primary prey is snowshoe hare
northern U.S. and Canada
Common name, Order, Family, ID features, range
Meerkat
Order: Carnivora
Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
Africa
multi-functional cusps for variety of prey
bulbous head w/ closed orbits
Common name, Order, Family, ID features, diet
Striped Hyaena
Order: Carnivora
Family: Hyaenidae
hypercarnivorous, bone crushing
Common name, Order, Family, ID features, diet
African Wild Dog
Order: Carnivora
Family: Canidae
more carnivorous skull than most canids
most efficient canid hunter (coordinated pack hunting)
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, range, diet
American Badger
Order: Carnivora
Family: Mustelidae
Taxidea taxus
powerful digger
rodent predator
wester 2/3 of U.S./Canada
Common name, Order, Family, ID features, diet, range
Bat-eared fox
Order: Carnivora
Family: Canidae
African
myrmecophagous dentition
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, diet
American Black Bear
Order: Carnivora
Family: Ursidae
Ursus americanus
omnivorous dentition
sharply recurved claws for climbing (griz has huge digging claws)
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, range, status
Black-footed ferret
Order: Carnivora
Family: Mustelidae
Mustela nigripes
central U.S./Canada
critically endangered (prairie dog hunting)
Common name, Order, Family, ID features
Coati
Order: Carnivora
Family: Procyonidae
ringed tails
40 teeth
Common name, Order, Family, ID features
Ringtail Cat
Order: Carnivora
Family: Procyonidae
ringed tails
40 teeth
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features
Raccoon
Order: Carnivora
Family: Procyonidae
Procyon lotor
ringed tails
40 teeth
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, habitat
Coyote/barking dog
Order: Carnivora
Family: Canidae
Canis latrans
typical canid mesocarnivorous skull
narrower rostrum/weaker bite than wolves
habitat generalist
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features
Gray Fox
Order: Carnivora
Family: Canidae
Urocyon cinereoargenteus
pepper gray back, reddish cheeks/flanks/sides, white throat
u-shaped ridges on top of skull
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features
Red Fox
Order: Carnivora
Family: Canidae
Vulpes vulpes
red pelage
white belly w/ black feet/ears
v-shaped ridges on top of skull
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features
Gray Wolf
Order: Carnivora
Family: Canidae
Canis lupus
largest canid
typical canid mesocarnivorous skull
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features
Least Weasel
Order: Carnivora
Family: Mustelidae
Mustela nivalis
5-7” total length, short tail
world’s smallest carnivore
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features
Long-tailed Weasel
Order: Carnivora
Family: Mustelidae
Mustela frenata
12-15” total length, long tail
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features
Mink
Order: Carnivora
Family: Mustelidae
Mustela vison
>18” total length
chocolate brown
upper molar rotated 90°
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, habitat, diet
River Otter
Order: Carnivora
Family: Mustelidae
Lontra canadensis
10-20 lbs
semi-aquatic
fish/crayfish
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features
Spotted Skunk (small) - Spilogale putorius
Striped Skunk (larger) - Mephitis mephitis
Order: Carnivora
Family: Mephitidae
aposematic coloration
Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, range
Wolverine
Order: Carnivora
Family: Mustelidae
Gulo gulo
50-70lb, largest mustelid
N.A. and Eurasia
Solitary wide-ranging predator (huge home range)
