Lab Exam 2 - Rodents, Lagomorphs, Primates, etc. Flashcards
Common name, order, suborder, family, species
ID features
diet, nesting location, distribution/range
American red squirrel
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Sciuromorpha
Family: Sciuridae
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
Common name, order, suborder, family, species
ID features
diet, nesting location, distribution/range
eastern chipmunk
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Sciuromorpha
Family: Sciuridae
Tamias striatus
KY species!
Common name, order, suborder, family, species
ID features
diet, nesting location, distribution/range
eastern fox squirrel
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Sciuromorpha
Family: Sciuridae
Sciurus niger
KY species!
Common name, order, suborder, family, species
ID features
diet, nesting location, distribution/range
gray squirrel
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Sciuromorpha
Family: Sciuridae
Sciurus carolinensis
KY species!
Common name, order, suborder, family
ID features (skull, legs, tail, vert.)
climate/adaptation
kangaroo rat
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Castorimorpha
Family: Heteromyidae
-massive auditory bullae
-enlarged back legs/feet
-long tail
-fused cervical vertebrae
-modified kidneys for dry climates
Common name, Order, Suborder, Family, Species
ID features (tail, feet, incisors, premolar, colors)
range/distribution/habitat
woodland jumping mouse
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Myomorpha
Family: Dipodidae
Napaeozapus insignis
Ky species!
Common name, Order, Family, species
ID features (tail, feet, incisors, premolar, colors)
range/distribution/habitat
meadow jumping mouse
Order: Rodentia
Family: Dipodidae
Zapus hudsonius
-very long tail w/ blackish tip
-big feet
KY species!
Common name, Order, Suborder, Family, Species
jaw architecture (name and describe)
range/habitat
mountain beaver
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Sciuromorpha
Family: Aplodontidae
Aplodontia rufa
-masseter only attaches to zygomatic arch and mandible
Common name, Order, Suborder, Family
ID features
lifestyle, diet, lifestyle adaptation
pocket gopher
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Castorimorpha
Family: Geomyidae
-prominent rounded incisors that it displays when seen
-fossorial, powerful claws for digging
-herbivore
Common name, Order, Suborder, Family, species
ID features
lifestyle, nest location, range
southern flying squirrel
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Sciuromorpha
Family: Sciuridae
Glaucomys volans
-large eyes, nocturnal
KY species!
Common name, Order, Family, Subfamily, Species
ID features (color, tail length/color)
range
white-footed mouse
Order: Rodentia
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Neotominae
Peromyscus leucopus
Ky species!
common name, order, suborder, family, species
ID features
jaw architecture
North American beaver
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Castorimorpha
Family: Castoridae
Castor canadensis
Ky species!
common name, order, suborder, family
black-tailed prairie dog
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Sciuromorpha
Family: Sciuridae
common name, order, suborder, family
what is special about this species
ID features
capybara
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Hystricomorpha
Family: Caviidae
-world’s largest rodent
-masssive infraorbital foramen
-typical rodent diprotodonty
common name, order, family, subfamily, species
ID features (tail color/length, color, ears)
range/distribution
deer mouse
Order: Rodentia
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Neotominae
Peromyscus maniculatus
KY species!
common name, order, family, subfamily, species
ID features
range/habitat/nest location
eastern harvest mouse
Order: Rodentia
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Neotominae
Reithrodontomys humulis
KY species!
-small, gray-brown pelage, smaller than house mouse
-blackish ears
common name, order, family, subfamily, species
ID features
range/habitat
golden mouse
Order: Rodentia
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Neotominae
Ochrotomys nuttalli
KY species!
common name, order, suborder, family, species
ID features
range, nesting
groundhog
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Sciurimorpha
Family: Sciuridae
Marmota monax
KY species!
-short tail, robust body, black feet, small dog/cat sized
common name, order, suborder, family, species
ID features
range
house mouse
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Myomorpha
Family: Muridae
Mus musculus
KY species! (non-native)
- small eyes, small body, uniform gray color getting lighter towards ventral
- naked tail
- eats food where located, very trap savvy
common name, order, family, subfamily, species
ID features
range/habitat, nesting, scat
Allegheny wood rat
Order: Rodentia
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Neotominae
Neotoma magister
KY species!
-rat-sized, tail sharply bicolored, long whiskers, grayish/light-brown pelage
common name, order, family, species
range
least shrew
Order: Eulipotyphla
Family: Soricidae
Species: Cryptotis parva
KY species!
common name, order, suborder, family, subfamily, species
ID features
range
meadow vole
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Myomorpha
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Arvicolinae
Microtus pennsylvanicus
KY species!
-silver-tipped belly hair, tail 2x length of hind foot, small ear, sharply bicolored tail
common name, order, suborder, family, subfamily, species
ID features
range/habitat use/diet
muskrat
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Myomorpha
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Arvicolinae
Ondatra zibethicus
KY species!
-prismatic teeth
common name, order, suborder, family, species
id features
special adaptations
body shape
range/habitat/diet
North American porcupine
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Hystricomorpha
Family: Erethizontidae
Erethizon dorsatum
-quills (mod. hair w/ barbs)
-short stout body
-huge infraorbital foramen
common name, order, suborder, family, species
ID features
Norway rat
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Myomorpha
Family: Muridae
Rattus norvegicus
KY species! (non-native)
-rat shape, gray-brown pelage, brownish feet, tail shorter than head+body
common name, order, suborder, family, species
ID features
habitat
nutria
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Hystricomorpha
Family: Myocastoridae
Myocastor coypus
-beaver-like skull but huge infraorbital foramen
-wetlands
-rounded tail differentiates it from muskrat (keeled)
-invasive
common name, order, suborder, family, subfamily, species
ID features
range
pine vole
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Myomorpha
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Arvicolinae
Microtus pinetorum
KY Species!
-tail not sharply bicolored, tail just longer than hind foot, russet brown back, chestnut/gray/cinnamon belly
common name, order, suborder, family, subfamily, species
ID features
range
red-backed vole
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Myomorpha
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Arvicolinae
Myodes gapperi
KY species!
-broad reddish band on dorsum and along cheeks
-tail longer than hind foot
common name, order, suborder, family, subfamily, species
ID features
range
southern bog lemming
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Myomorpha
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Arvicolinae
Synaptomys cooperi
KY species!
-tuft of black hair on hind foot
-short tail (<1/3 body length)
-dorsal gray-brown/grizzled
common name, order, suborder
ID features
diet, range
tarsier
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorrhini
-huge orbit:cranium ratio
common name, order, family
ID features
range
American pika
Order: Lagomorpha
Family: Ochotonidae
-no supraorbital process, fenestration on maxilla only, 2nd peg like incisors
common name, order, family, species
ID features
range/habitat
Appalachian cottontail
Order: Lagomorpha
Family: Leporidae
Sylvilagus obscurus
KY species!
-black streaked on dorsal
-shorter rounder ears w/ black border
-black spot between ears
common name, order, family, species
ID features
range/habitat
eastern cottontail
Order: Lagomorpha
Family: Leporidae
Sylvilagus floridanus
KY species!
-lacks black spot between ears
-triangular supraorbital process
-maxilla + parietal fenstration
-duplicodonty
-longer ears
common name, order, family, species
ID features
jackrabbit
Order: Lagomorpha
Family: Leporidae
Lepus spp.
common name, order, suborder, parvorder, family
ID features
Siamang gibbon
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorrhini
Parvorder: Catarrhini (old world)
Family: Hylobatidae
-post-orbital plate
-reduced num. of premolars
-enlarged braincase
common name, order, family, species
ID features
range/habitat
snowshoe hare
Order: Lagomorpha
Family: Leporidae
Lepus americanus
-supraorbital process wing-like
-skull length >70mm
-intraparietal lobe absent
common name, order, suborder, parvorder
ID features
range
woolly monkey
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorrhini
Parvorder: Platyrrhini (new world)
-post-orbital plate
-enlarged braincase
-12 premolars
-South America
common name, order, family
aardvark
Order: Tubulidentata
Family: Orycteropodidae
-Africa
-myrmecophagous
-cylindrical (hexagonal) peg-like teeth, lack enamel, lack canines and incisors
-extensive turbinates
common name, order, family, species
ID features
range/lifestyle/diet
eastern mole
Order: Eulipotyphla
Family: Talpidae
Scalopus aquaticus
KY species!
-big forefeet
-flattened skull
common name, order, family, species
ID features
range
long-tailed shrew
Order: Eulipotyphla
Family: Soricidae
Sorex dispar
Ky species!
common name, order, family, species
ID features
range
northern short-tailed shrew
Order: Eulipotyphla
Family: Soricidae
Blarina brevicauda
KY species!
-short tail and snout
-smooth dark gray fur
common name, order, family, species
ID features
range
pygmy shrew
Order: Eulipotyphla
Family: Sorcidae
Sorex hoyi
KY species!
-smallest shrew
-longer tail
common name, superorder, order, family
ID features
range
3-toed sloth
Superorder: Xenarthra
Order: Pilosa
Family: Bradypodidae
-rootless, molariform peg-like teeth
-lacks caniniform premolar (2-toed sloth would have this)
-south Central America
common name, superorder, order, famiy, species
ID features
range
diet
9-banded armadillo
Superorder: Xenarthra
Order: Cingulata
Family: Dasypodidae
Dasypus novemcinctus
KY species!
-molariform, rootless, peg-like teeth
-jointed armor (carapace, made of scutes)
-insectivore
common name, order
ID features
teeth description
range, diet
colugo (“flying lemur”)
Order: Dermoptera
-large orbits
-pectinate lower incisors
-hole in zygomatic arch
-trenchant molars w/ sharp cusps (w-shaped but vertical)
-southeast Asia
-frugivore
common name, order, family
ID features
diet
teeth description
Cuban selenodon
Order: Eulipotyphla
Family: Selenodontidae
-grooved lower incisors to deliver venom
-zalambdadont cheek teeth
-no zygomatic arch
-omnivorous
common name, superorder, order, family
ID features
range
giant anteater
Superorder: Xenarthra
Order: Pilosa
Family: Myrmecophagidae
-toothless
-myrmecophagous
-South America
common name, order, suborder, family
ID features
range
diet
lemur
Order: Primates
Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Family: Lemuridae
-lacks postorbital plate
-long rostrum
-pectinate lower incisors
-Madagascar
-omnivorous
order, family, common name for each
dentition description and replacement strategy for each
common name, order, family
ID features
diet
range
rock hyrax
Order: Hyracoidea
Family: Procaviidae
-incisiform tusks w/ space between
-herbivore
-Africa
common name, order, family, species
ID features
range
smoky shrew
Order: Eulipotyphla
Family: Soricidae
Sorex fumeus
KY species!
-long snout
-bicolor tail
-masking around eyes
common name, order, family
ID features
cheek teeth pattern
defensive/communication adaptation
range
streaked tenrec
Order: Afrosoricida
Family: Tenrecidae
-incomplete zygomatic arch
-lack auditory bullae
-zalamdodont cheek teeth
-stridulating quills
-Madagascar
Describe the 4 rodent jaw architechtures and which groups have them
shrew vs mole vs vole vs mouse
shrew: no zygomatic arch or auditory bullae; first upper incisor like a raptor beak; tooth pigment; tiny body
mole: flattened skull, has zygomatic arch and auditory bullae, large forefeet
vole: tail length 1-2 inches
mouse: tail length 2.5-6 inches
