Lab Exam 1 - Skulls, Skeletons, Dentition Flashcards
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
Does it have any other specialized teeth?
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
3-toed sloth
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
9-banded armadillo
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
Aardvark
Peg-like teeth
Insectivore/browser
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
Identify as many plates/features as you can.
Coyote
Mesocarnivore but will eat plants
Carnassial cheek teeth
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
white-tailed deer
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
elk
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
What feature is prominent in the cross section photo?
turbinates are present in cross section
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
wild boar
What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
what species are each of these claws?
what species is this antler?
caribou
common name
subclass
order
diet
what species are these antlers?
elk
what type of head ornaments are these? what species is each one?
subclass
infraclass
order
family
common species name
diet
subclass
order
family
common species name
diet
subclass
infraclass
order
family
common species name
diet
subclass
infraclass
order
family
common species name
diet
subclass
infraclass
order
family
common species name
diet
subclass
infraclass
order
family
species (common and latin)
diet
what is this and what type of head ornaments does it have
white-tailed deer, antlers
What two main parts make up the skull?
Upper cranium (including braincase)
Mandible (lower jaw) (dentary)
Match the terms with their position on the skull
alisphenoid bone
alisphenoid canal
auditory bulla (tympanic bone)
basioccipital
basisphenoid
alisphenoid bone - 1
alisphenoid canal - 2
auditory bulla (tympanic bone) - 3
basioccipital - 4
basisphenoid - 5
Match the terms with their position on the skull
external auditory meatus
foramen magnum
frontal
infraorbital foramen
jugal
external auditory meatus - 6
foramen magnum - 7
frontal - 8
infraorbital foramen - 9
jugal - 10
Match the terms with their position on the skull
lacrimal
mandibular fossa
maxilla
nasal bone
occipital bone
lacrimal - 11
mandibular fossa - 12
maxilla - 13
nasal bone - 14
occipital bone - 15
Match the terms with their position on the skull
occipital condyle
orbit
orbitosphenoid
palatal (=incisive) foramen
palatine
occipital condyle - 16
orbit - 17
orbitosphenoid - 18
palatal (=incisive) foramen - 19
palatine - 20
Match the terms with their position on the skull
parietal
paroccipital process
postorbital process (of the frontal)
premaxilla, palatal branch
premaxilla, nasal branch
parietal - 21
paroccipital process - 22
postorbital process (of the frontal) - 23
premaxilla, palatal branch - 24
premaxilla, nasal branch - 25
Match the terms with their position on the skull
presphenoid
pterygoid
sagittal crest
squamosal
temporal fossa
presphenoid - 26
pterygoid - 27
sagittal crest - 28
squamosal - 29
temporal fossa - 30
Match the terms with their position on the skull
temporal ridge
vomer
zygomatic process of squamosal
zygomatic process of maxilla
angular process
temporal ridge - 31
vomer - 32
zygomatic process of squamosal - 33
zygomatic process of maxilla - 34
angular process - 35
Match the terms with their position on the skull
coronoid process
mandibular condyle
masseteric fossa
body
ramus
coronoid process - 36
mandibular condyle - 37
masseteric fossa - 38
body - 39
ramus - 40
Define these terms associated with relative positioning of features
Anterior vs. Posterior
Dorsal vs. Ventral
Medial vs. Lateral
Proximal vs. Distal
Buccal
Labial
Lingual
Anterior – referring to something in front of x vs. Posterior – referring to something behind x
Dorsal – above x/top of surface vs. Ventral – below x/bottom of surface
Medial – towards the middle/midline vs. Lateral – towards the outside
Proximal – close to/towards the body vs. Distal – distant to/away from the body
Buccal – referring to the side closest/adjacent to the cheek
Labial – referring to the side closest/adjacent to lips
Lingual – referring to the side closest/adjacent to tongue
Define these 5 general skull terms
Bulla
Crest
Condyle
Foramen
Fossa
Bulla – bulbous bony prominence often housing important structures like ear
Crest - narrow, prominent ridge
Condyle – smooth, rounded projection that allows articulation with another bone
Foramen – hole in a bone that nerves, blood vessels, or muscles pass through
Fossa – shallow depression on bone surface
Define these 5 general skull terms
Line
Meatus
Plates
Process
Ramus
Line – narrow raised ridge
Meatus – small tubular opening
Plates – sometimes used to describe flatter, thinner bones
Process – small projection or bump
Ramus – branch or arm of a bone
Define these 5 general skull terms
Septum
Suture
Symphysis
Turbinates
Trochanter
Septum – bony “fence” that separates 2 regions
Suture – line where bone plates fuse typically during adulthood
Symphysis – cartilaginous junction between 2 bones
Turbinates – numerous, thin bones in nasal passage that increase surface area
Trochanter – large rounded projection for muscle attachment
Define these 5 dental terms
Homodonty
Heterodonty
Monophydonty
Diphydonty
Polyphydonty
Homodonty – all teeth look alike
Heterdonty – teeth vary in shape and size
Monophydonty – 1 set of teeth
Diphydonty – 2 set of teeth
Polyphydonty – 2+ sets of teeth
Define these 5 dental terms
Canines
Caniniform
Carnassial
Cheek Teeth
Cranium
Canines – if present, immediately posterior to incisors; anchored in maxilla
Caniniform – resembling typical canine
Carnassial – secodont teeth formed by fourth upper premolar and 1st lower molar
Cheek Teeth – if present, the premolars and molars immediately posterior to canines
Cranium – top part of skull, but sometimes used to describe the braincase
Define these 5 dental terms
Crown
Cusp
Dentary/Mandible
Dentin
Diastema
Crown –top surface of tooth, various shapes and patterns, usually covered in enamel
Cusp – raised area on the crown of a tooth (mountaintop)
Dentary/Mandible ¬– lower, moveable part of the skull used for feeding
Dentin – tooth layer between crown and root, softer than enamel; may be exposed
Diastema – space/gap between the incisors and cheek teeth. Often canine missing
Define these 5 dental terms
Incisors
Incisiform
Occlusal surface
Loph
Molar
Incisors – front grasping teeth anchored in premaxilla and dentary
Incisiform – resembling typical incisor
Occlusal Surface – where teeth fit together/make main contact w/ food
Loph – ridgelines that connect tooth cusps or that otherwise are raised areas of contact
Molar – most posterior cheek teeth, various shapes and occlusal surfaces; anchored in maxilla
and dentary
Define these 6 dental terms
Molariform
Premolar
Quadrate
Root
Tribosphenic
Tusk
Molariform - resembling typical molar
Premolar – teeth between canine and molars anchored in maxilla and dentary
Quadrate – having squre-like shape w/ 4 cusps
Root – the subsurface (below gumline) portion of tooth that anchors it into bone and contains
vascularized and innervated pulp; rooted (one or more) or rootless (ever-growing)
Tribosphenic – having 3 cusps; considered the oldest crown general pattern
Tusk – tooth disproportionally larger than others that prominently protrudes from mouth
Define
Brachydont
Hypsodont
Describe function and development of these types of teeth
Describe these 4 cheek teeth patterns
Bunodont
Conical
Cuspidate
Dilambdodont
Bunodont – usually quadrate, blunt-crowned; crushing and grinding
Conical – resembling a cone; grasping
Cuspidate – sharp yet broad-cusped; crushing, slicing, grinding
Dilambdodont – double v/lambda-shaped; generally slicing and shearing
Describe these 4 cheek teeth patterns
Lophodont
Loxodont
Peg
Prismatic
Lophodont – elongated, looped cross ridges; grinding
Loxodont – lophodont teeth with more regular washboard-like lophs; grinding
Peg – small, short conical teeth with weak or no enamel; grasping
Prismatic – lophodont teeth with zig-zagged, triangular shape; grinding and shearing
Describe these 4 cheek teeth patterns
Secodont
Selenodont
Tritubercular
Zalambdodont
Secodont – thick base, bladelike cusps; cutting, shearing, crushing; see carnassial
Selenodont – crescent moon-shaped lophs; grinding
Tritubercular – 3 sharp peaked cusps; grasping, holding, crushing
Zalambdodont – v or lambda-shaped; generally slicing and shearing
What are the 4 main types of teeth?
How are they labled on a dental diagram?
Describe the tritubercular teeth (2 types) of most insectivores like shrews and moles (height, # cusps, shape)(use proper terminology)
Describe lophodont teeth (cusps, function, what types of animals have them, height, term for a specific modification)
Describe the prismatic teeth of some rodents like Arvicolinae (voles, lemmings, muskrats)
type, cusp/loph shape, height, crown shape, function (use proper terminology)
Describe selenodont teeth (cusp shape, nickname, found in what animals)
Describe cuspidate teeth (cusps, height, animals, functions)
Describe the cheek teeth of omnivores (height, cusps, functions)(use proper terms)
Describe sectorial/secodont teeth.
Describe carnassial teeth.
Who has them, where are they located, what’s their function?
Match the terms to their location
axis
sternum
pubis
metacarpals
calcaneus
Match the terms to their location
phalanges
ulna
ischium
thoracic vertebrae
scapula
Match the terms to their location
cranium
ilium
lumbar vertebrae
humerus
carpals
Match the terms to their location
sacral vertebrae
femur
radius
metatarsals
olecranon
Match the terms to their location
patella
caudal vertebrae
mandible
ribs
fibula
Match the terms to their location
tibia
tarsals
cervical vertebrae
atlas
