Skeleton and Joints Flashcards
What are the four functions of the skeleton?
1) movement
2) shape and support
3) protection
4) red blood cell production
What is a joint?
Where 2 or more bones meet
What are the 3 types of joints?
1) fixed, immovable joints( fibrous)
2) slightly moveable joints(cartilaginous)
3) freely moveable joints( synovial joints)
States 3 points, and 1 example of a fixed joint?
1) no possible movement.
2) no sporting significance
3) held together by fibrous connective tissue.
Example- cranium
State 3 points and 1 example of a slightly movable joint.
1) bones use cartilage as padding
2) small movements are possible between the bones
3) no joint cavity.
Example-vertebrae
State 3 points of a freely moveable joint. Give an example of 2 hinge, and 2 ball and socket .
1) complex construction in the joint
2) different joint construction=different movement.
3) movement is dependent on arrangement of muscles, their tendons and ligaments.
Hinge - knee, elbow
Ball and socket- hip, shoulder
What does a ligament do?
Holds bones together. Prevents dislocation.
What does cartilage do?
Covers the head of bones and joint socket.Stops the bones scratching.
What does synovial fluid do?
Lubricates the joint
What does the synovial membrane do?
Protective barrier for synovial fluid
What does a joint capsule do?
Provides a protective barrier to- ligament, cartilage, synovial fluid, synovial membrane.
Definition of flexion and sporting example.
Reducing the angle at the joint.
Preparing to hit a hockey ball.
Definition of extension and sporting example.
Increasing the angle at the joint.
Throwing the ball in tennis serve.
Definition of abduction and sporting example.
Moving a body part away from the centre of the body.
The back swing in the forehand in tennis.
Definition of adduction and sporting example.
Moving a part of the body towards the centre of the body.
Execution of discus.
