Muscles and tendons

Question 1

How are muscles attached to the skeleton?

Answer 1

By tendons

Question 2

What are muscles made up of.

Answer 2

Many muscles fibres

Question 3

How does movement take place?

Answer 3

Muscles fibres pull against the skeleton, movement takes place.

Question 4

why are muscles arranged in pairs?

Answer 4

Because they can’t push. So that other muscle can pull in the opposite direction.

Question 5

What is an Antagonistic muscle pair? And give an example

Answer 5

Pair of muscles that work against each other. E.g bicep and tricep

Question 6

What are the 2 antagonistic referred to?

Answer 6

1) prime mover/agonist
2) Antagonist

Question 7

Define prime mover/ agonist

Answer 7

The muscle which is contracting and therefore responsible for the movement.

Question 8

Define the antagonist

Answer 8

The muscle which is relaxing

Question 9

Name 4 antagonistic muscle pairs

Answer 9

1) abs and lower back
2) shoulder and chest/back
3) quadriceps and hamstring
4) tibilias anterior and calf muscle

Question 10

What is the joint movement, agonist and antagonist in the knee?

Answer 10

Joint movement - flexion, extension
Agonist- hamstring, quadriceps
Antagonist- quadriceps, hamstring

Question 11

What is the joint movement, agonist and antagonist in the elbow?

Answer 11

Joint movement - flexion, extension
Agonist- bicep, tricep
Antagonist- tricep, bicep

Question 12

What is the joint movement, agonist and antagonist in the shoulder?

Answer 12

Joint movement - abduction, adduction
Agonist- deltoid, Latissimus dorsi
Antagonist- Latissimus dorsi, deltoid

Question 13

What is the joint movement, agonist and antagonist in the hip?

Answer 13

Joint movement - flexion, extension
Agonist- hip flexor, glutials
Antagonist- glutials, hip flexor

Question 14

What is the joint movement, agonist and antagonist in the Ankle?

Answer 14

Joint movement - plantar flexion, dorsi flexion.
Agonist- gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior
Antagonist- tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius.

Question 15

What are the 2 types of muscle contraction?

Answer 15

Isotonic
Isometric

Question 16

Define isotonic

Answer 16

When the muscle contracts and gets shorter or longer

Question 17

What are the 2 types of isotonic.

Answer 17

Concentric- when the muscle contracts and gets shorter.
Eccentric - when the muscle contracts and gets longer, the muscle acts as a brake during the downward phase of movement.

Question 18

Define isometric. Give an example

Answer 18

When the muscle contracts and doesn’t change length. E.g Wall sit, Handstand.

Question 19

Function of the triceps. And sporting example

Answer 19

Extend arm at the elbow. Tennis serve.

Question 20

Function of the bicep. And sporting example

Answer 20

Flex the arm at the elbow. Shooting netball

Question 21

Function of the deltoids. And sporting example

Answer 21

Move the arm in all directions at the shoulder. Butterfly in swimming.

Question 22

Function of the pectorals. And sporting example

Answer 22

Adduct the arm at the shoulder. Butterfly in swimming.

Question 23

Function of the trapezius. And sporting example

Answer 23

Hold the shoulders in place move head back and sideway. Frontcrawl swimming.

Question 24

Function of the Latissimus dorsi. And sporting example

Answer 24

Adduct and extend the arm at the shoulder. Prepartation and hitting the ball in tennis.

Question 25

Function of the gluteals. And sporting example

Answer 25

Adduct and extend the leg at the hips. Running.

Question 26

Function of the quadriceps. And sporting example

Answer 26

Extend the leg at the knee. Extension of kicking a football.

Question 27

Function of the hamstring. And sporting example

Answer 27

Flex the leg at the knee. Preparation of kicking the football.

Question 28

Function of the gastrocnemius. And sporting example

Answer 28

Pointing the toes, help to flex the knee. Balancing on a beam gymnastics.

Question 29

What connects muscle to bone?

Answer 29

Tendon

Question 30

What is the origin?

Answer 30

The tendon attached to the bone that DOESN’T move.

Question 31

What is the insertion?

Answer 31

The tendon attached to the bone which DOES move.

Question 32

4 facts and a sporting example of slow twitch muscle fibre.

Answer 32

1) small force created
2) height fatigue tolerance
3) Aerobic
4) slow contraction speed.
Sport example- Tour de France, London marathon.

Question 33

4 facts and a sporting example of fast twitch muscle fibre.

Answer 33

1) large force created
2) low fatigue tolerance
3) Anaerobic
4) fast contraction speed
Sport example- 100m sprint, long jump.