Muscles and tendons Flashcards
How are muscles attached to the skeleton?
By tendons
What are muscles made up of.
Many muscles fibres
How does movement take place?
Muscles fibres pull against the skeleton, movement takes place.
why are muscles arranged in pairs?
Because they can’t push. So that other muscle can pull in the opposite direction.
What is an Antagonistic muscle pair? And give an example
Pair of muscles that work against each other. E.g bicep and tricep
What are the 2 antagonistic referred to?
1) prime mover/agonist
2) Antagonist
Define prime mover/ agonist
The muscle which is contracting and therefore responsible for the movement.
Define the antagonist
The muscle which is relaxing
Name 4 antagonistic muscle pairs
1) abs and lower back
2) shoulder and chest/back
3) quadriceps and hamstring
4) tibilias anterior and calf muscle
What is the joint movement, agonist and antagonist in the knee?
Joint movement - flexion, extension
Agonist- hamstring, quadriceps
Antagonist- quadriceps, hamstring
What is the joint movement, agonist and antagonist in the elbow?
Joint movement - flexion, extension
Agonist- bicep, tricep
Antagonist- tricep, bicep
What is the joint movement, agonist and antagonist in the shoulder?
Joint movement - abduction, adduction
Agonist- deltoid, Latissimus dorsi
Antagonist- Latissimus dorsi, deltoid
What is the joint movement, agonist and antagonist in the hip?
Joint movement - flexion, extension
Agonist- hip flexor, glutials
Antagonist- glutials, hip flexor
What is the joint movement, agonist and antagonist in the Ankle?
Joint movement - plantar flexion, dorsi flexion.
Agonist- gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior
Antagonist- tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius.
What are the 2 types of muscle contraction?
Isotonic
Isometric
Define isotonic
When the muscle contracts and gets shorter or longer
What are the 2 types of isotonic.
Concentric- when the muscle contracts and gets shorter.
Eccentric - when the muscle contracts and gets longer, the muscle acts as a brake during the downward phase of movement.
Define isometric. Give an example
When the muscle contracts and doesn’t change length. E.g Wall sit, Handstand.
Function of the triceps. And sporting example
Extend arm at the elbow. Tennis serve.
Function of the bicep. And sporting example
Flex the arm at the elbow. Shooting netball
Function of the deltoids. And sporting example
Move the arm in all directions at the shoulder. Butterfly in swimming.
Function of the pectorals. And sporting example
Adduct the arm at the shoulder. Butterfly in swimming.
Function of the trapezius. And sporting example
Hold the shoulders in place move head back and sideway. Frontcrawl swimming.
Function of the Latissimus dorsi. And sporting example
Adduct and extend the arm at the shoulder. Prepartation and hitting the ball in tennis.
Function of the gluteals. And sporting example
Adduct and extend the leg at the hips. Running.
Function of the quadriceps. And sporting example
Extend the leg at the knee. Extension of kicking a football.
Function of the hamstring. And sporting example
Flex the leg at the knee. Preparation of kicking the football.
Function of the gastrocnemius. And sporting example
Pointing the toes, help to flex the knee. Balancing on a beam gymnastics.
What connects muscle to bone?
Tendon
What is the origin?
The tendon attached to the bone that DOESN’T move.
What is the insertion?
The tendon attached to the bone which DOES move.
4 facts and a sporting example of slow twitch muscle fibre.
1) small force created
2) height fatigue tolerance
3) Aerobic
4) slow contraction speed.
Sport example- Tour de France, London marathon.
4 facts and a sporting example of fast twitch muscle fibre.
1) large force created
2) low fatigue tolerance
3) Anaerobic
4) fast contraction speed
Sport example- 100m sprint, long jump.
