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Anatomy & Physiology > Skeletal Tissue > Flashcards

Skeletal Tissue Flashcards

0
Q

Give an example of a long bone

A

femur

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1
Q

What are the five shapes of bones?

A

long, short, sesamoid, flat, irregular

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2
Q

Give an example of a short bone

A

wrist or ankle bone

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3
Q

Give an example of a sesamoid bone

A

patella

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4
Q

Give an example of a flat bone

A

skull, sternum

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5
Q

Give an example of an irregular bone

A

vertebra, hip bone

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6
Q

Which classification of bone is longer than it is wide?

A

long bones

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7
Q

Which classification of bone is cube shaped?

A

short bones

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8
Q

Which classification of bone is shaped like a sesame seed?

A

sesamoid bones

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9
Q

Which classification of bone is a type of short bone within a tendon?

A

sesamoid bones

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10
Q

Which classification of bone is thin, flattened, and curved?

A

flat bones

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11
Q

Which classification of bone does not fit into one of the other four categories?

A

irregular bones

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12
Q

What class of bone is a femur?

A

long bone

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13
Q

What class of bone is a wrist or ankle bone?

A

short bone

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14
Q

What class of bone is the patella?

A

sesamoid, short bone within a tendon

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15
Q

What class of bone is the sternum?

A

flat bone

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16
Q

What class of bone are the majority of skull bones?

A

flat bones

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17
Q

What class of bone is a vertebra?

A

irregular bone

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18
Q

What class of bone is a hip bone?

A

irregular

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19
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation

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20
Q

How does the skeletal system provide support?

A

provides rigid framework and supports body weight

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21
Q

How does the skeletal system provide protection?

A

surrounds vital organs (e.g. brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs)

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22
Q

How does the skeletal system aid in movement?

A

provides muscle attachment sites

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23
Q

How does the skeletal system store minerals?

A

calcium and phosphorus stored in bone matrix until they are needed

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24
Q

How does the skeletal system provide blood cells?

A

new blood cells form in the marrow of bones

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25
Q

Osseous

A

bone tissue

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26
Q

What materials make up bone tissue?

A

hard mineral salts deposited around strong, elastic protein fibres

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27
Q

What types of cells are found in bone tissue?

A

osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes

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28
Q

Osteoblast

A

immature bone cell

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29
Q

Osteocyte

A

mature bone cell, embedded in the matrix

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30
Q

What is the role of an osteoblast?

A

produces new bone matrix until surrounded by it, most mature into osteocytes

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31
Q

What is the role of an osteocyte?

A

repairs damaged bone

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32
Q

Which type of bone cell is responsible for repair?

A

osteocytes

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33
Q

Which type of bone cell is responsible for new growth?

A

osteoblasts

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34
Q

What is the role of an osteoclast?

A

releases stored minerals back into body, maintains density and composition of bone, initiates remodelling or growth

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35
Q

What type of bone cell is responsible for releasing stored minerals back into the body?

A

osteoclast

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36
Q

smallest unit found in compact bone

A

osteon

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37
Q

Where is compact bone found?

A

shafts of long bones and outer surfaces of other bones

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38
Q

Osteon, aka

A

Haversion system

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39
Q

Haversion system, aka

A

osteon

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40
Q

List the five main components of an osteon

A

central canal, lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, Volkmann’s canals

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41
Q

central canal of osteon, aka

A

Haversion canal

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42
Q

Haversion canal, aka

A

central canal of osteon

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43
Q

What is contained within a Haversion canal?

A

nerve cells and blood vessels

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44
Q

lamellae

A

circular rings of calcified matrix

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45
Q

circular rings of calcified matrix

A

lamellae

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46
Q

What part of an osteon contains nerve cells and blood vessels?

A

central canal/Haversion canal

47
Q

lacunae

A

pockets where osteocytes are found, between the layers of calcified matrix

48
Q

pockets where osteocytes are found, between the layers of calcified matrix

A

lacunae

49
Q

canaliculi

A

route blood vessels through and connect the osteons

50
Q

route blood vessels through and connect the osteons

A

canaliculi

51
Q

Spongy bone, aka

A

Cancellous bone

52
Q

Cancellous bone, aka

A

Spongy bone

53
Q

How often is compact bone replaced?

A

every 10 yrs

54
Q

How often is cancellous bone replaced?

A

every 2-3 yrs

55
Q

Osteons are found in compact bone, T/F?

A

T

56
Q

Osteons are found in cancellous bone, T/F?

A

F

57
Q

Where is cancellous bone found?

A

ends of long bones, centre of other bones

58
Q

Trabeculae

A

plate-like layers that comprise cancellous bone

59
Q

plate-like layers that comprise cancellous bone

A

Trabeculae

60
Q

What is the purpose of trabeculae?

A

holes provide space for red marrow, holes decrease weight and material is less dense

61
Q

What is the purpose of red marrow?

A

blood cell production

62
Q

What is the purpose of yellow marrow?

A

fat storage

63
Q

Volkmann’s canals

A

route blood vessels through bone from outside to hollow central cavity

64
Q

route blood vessels through bone from outside to hollow central cavity

A

Volkmann’s canals

65
Q

Volkmann’s canals, aka

A

perforating canals

66
Q

perforating canals, aka

A

Volkmann’s canals

67
Q

List the seven main components of long bone

A

Diaphysis, epiphyses, epiphyseal plate, medullary cavity, endosteum, periosteum, articular cartilage

68
Q

Diaphysis

A

long shaft of a long bone

69
Q

Epiphyses (pl)

A

enlarged ends of long bones

70
Q

enlarged ends of long bones

A

epiphyses

71
Q

Plural of epiphysis

A

epiphyses

72
Q

Singular of epiphyses

A

epiphysis

73
Q

What type of tissue are the epiphyses covered with?

A

articular cartilage (hyaline)

74
Q

epiphyseal plate, aka

A

epiphyseal disk

75
Q

epiphyseal disk, aka

A

epiphyseal plate

76
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

disc of hyaline cartilage which separates the epiphyses from the diaphysis

77
Q

medullary cavity

A

hollow centre cavity of long bone

78
Q

hollow centre cavity of long bone

A

medullary cavity

79
Q

disc of hyaline cartilage which separates the epiphyses from the diaphysis

A

epiphyseal plate

80
Q

What is contained in the medullary cavity?

A

red or yellow marrow, blood vessels, endosteum

81
Q

endosteum

A

thin membrane of connective tissue which lines the medullary cavity

82
Q

thin membrane of connective tissue which lines the medullary cavity

A

endosteum

83
Q

periosteum

A

tough sheath of connective tissue lining outside of bone, wherever articular cartilage is not

84
Q

tough sheath of connective tissue lining outside of bone, wherever articular cartilage is not

A

periosteum

85
Q

What is the purpose of the periosteum?

A

protects, nourishes, provides attachment surface for ligaments and muscle, assists in fracture repair

86
Q

Which component of bone protects and nourishes underlying tissues, provides attachment surface for ligaments and muscle, and assists in fracture repair?

A

periosteum

87
Q

articular cartilage

A

smooth hyaline cartilage which lines epiphyses and reduces friction within joints

88
Q

process of bone formation, aka

A

ossification

89
Q

ossification, aka

A

process of bone formation

90
Q

smooth hyaline cartilage which lines epiphyses and reduces friction within joints

A

articular cartilage

91
Q

How do skull bones form during fetal development?

A

ossification of thin connective tissue membrane

92
Q

How do most bones form during fetal development?

A

ossification of hyaline cartilage

93
Q

How do bones grow in length?

A

growth hormone stimulates epiphyseal plate to proliferate distally and calcify medially

94
Q

How do bones grow in width?

A

osteoblasts create new tissue from the periosteum side, and osteoclasts widen medullary cavity from endosteum side

95
Q

What happens when bone growth halts?

A

sex hormones cause the epiphyseal plates to stop expanding, and they eventually ossify, forming the epiphyseal line

96
Q

Complete fracture

A

break extends across entire section of bone

97
Q

Incomplete fracture

A

break extends across entire section of bone, but some pieces still remain partially together

98
Q

Open fracture, aka

A

compound fracture

99
Q

Compound fracture, aka

A

open fracture

100
Q

closed fracture, aka

A

simple fracture

101
Q

simple fracture, aka

A

closed fracture

102
Q

Open fracture

A

broken end punctures the skin, higher chance of infections

103
Q

Compound fracture

A

broken end punctures the skin, higher chance of infections

104
Q

Closed fracture

A

broken end does not puncture the skin, lower chance of infections

105
Q

simple fracture

A

broken end does not puncture the skin, lower chance of infections

106
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

bone is crushed into small pieces

107
Q

Transverse fracture

A

break is perpendicular to long axis of the bone

108
Q

Oblique fracture

A

bone is broken at a slant

109
Q

fracture reduction

A

bringing the broken bone pieces back into normal alignment

110
Q

bringing the broken bone pieces back into normal alignment

A

fracture reduction

111
Q

closed reduction

A

bringing the broken bone pieces back into normal alignment without surgery

112
Q

open reduction

A

bringing the broken bone pieces back into normal alignment by surgical means

113
Q

bringing the broken bone pieces back into normal alignment without surgery

A

closed reduction

114
Q

bringing the broken bone pieces back into normal alignment by surgical means

A

open reduction

115
Q

Give two reasons that healing bone is slow?

A
  1. bone cell division is very slow to begin with
  2. vascularization to the bone tissue has been disrupted and therefore the transfer of nutrients required for repair has been reduced

Anatomy & Physiology (10 decks)

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