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Anatomy & Physiology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Oil glands, aka

A

Sebaceous glands

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2
Q

Sweat glands, aka

A

Sudoriferous glands

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3
Q

Sebaceous glands, aka

A

Oil glands

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3
Q

What are the components of the integumentary system?

A

Skin, hair, nails, sudoriferous glands, sebaceous glands

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4
Q

Sudoriferous glands, aka

A

Sweat glands

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5
Q

Name 6 functions of the integumentary system

A

Protection, thermoregulation, stimuli reception, metabolic activity, blood storage, waste excretion

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6
Q

What makes skin waterproofed?

A

keratinocytes produce lammelar granules whose contents seal water from entry

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7
Q

How does the skin protect the body from physical injury?

A

Skin is elastic and rugged

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8
Q

What purpose do sebaceous glands serve in protection?

A

Oily secretions are acidic and help to stop the growth of pathogenic invaders

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9
Q

Name three things the skin protects the body from

A

Physical protection from injuries, pathogenic invaders, and excessive fluid loss

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10
Q

What is normal body temperature, in Celcius and Fahrenheit?

A

37 degrees Celcius, 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit

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11
Q

How does the integumetary system accomplish thermoregulation?

A

sudoriferous glands secrete sweat to reduce body temperature, and dilation/constriction of superficial blood vessels

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12
Q

Which sensations do sensory receptors in the skin indicate?

A

heat, pain, pressure

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13
Q

What is the most superficial layer of skin?

A

Epidermis

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14
Q

What medical term is synonymous with skin?

A

Cutaneous membrane

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15
Q

What layer of skin is found beneath the epithelial tissues?

A

Dermis

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17
Q

Which layer of skin is vascular? Avascular? Innervated? Non-innervated?

A

Dermis is vascular and innervated, epidermis is avascular and non-innervated

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18
Q

What connects skin to the underlying fascia?

A

Subcutaneous layer/hypodermis

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18
Q

Hypodermis, aka

A

Subcutaneous layer

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19
Q

Subcutaneous layer, aka

A

Hypodermis

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20
Q

What types of tissue comprise the subcutaneous layer?

A

areolar and adipose tissues

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21
Q

What are the functions of subcutaneous tissue?

A

fat storage, blood supply, houses pressure sensitive nerves, attachment of skin to fascia surrounding bone and muscle

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22
Q

What is an exteroceptor?

A

a sensory receptor that receives external stimuli

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23
Q

List the major layers of the skin from deepest to most superficial.

A

hypodermis, dermis, epidermis

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24
Q

List the layers of the epidermis from most superficial to deepest.

A

stratum corneum,
stratum granulosum,
stratum spinosum,
stratum basale

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25
Q

Recite the acrostic to remember the layers of the epidermis

A

CORi’s GRANny SPINs BASketballs

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26
Q

CORi’s GRANny SPINs BASketballs

A

Strati of epidermis from most superficial to deepest:

corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

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27
Q

Which layer of epidermis is found in the palms and soles of the feet, and where is it found?

A

stratum lucidum

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28
Q

Where is stratum lucidum found in the epidermis?

A

between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum

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29
Q

List the layers of the dermis from most superficial to deepest.

A

Papillary layer, reticular layer

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31
Q

What is known as the “true skin”

A

dermal tissue

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32
Q

Corium, aka

A

Dermis

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33
Q

Dermis, aka

A

Corium

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34
Q

Describe the composition & function of the papillary layer of the dermis.

A

contains thin collagen and fine elastic fibres, papillae project into the epidermis, containing blood vessels and nerve endings to provide nutrition

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35
Q

How are papillae viewed on the palms and soles of the feet?

A

Ridges that form fingerprints

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36
Q

Where are Langerhans cells primarily found?

A

stratum spinosum of epidermis

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37
Q

What is the function of Langerhans cells?

A

immune response

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38
Q

What causes goosebumps?

A

contraction of arrector pilli muscles

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39
Q

What are two types of sudoriferous glands?

A

eccrine & apocrine

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40
Q

Eccrine glands

A

sudoriferous glands which are active throughout lifetime, found all over the body but especially the upper lip, forehead, palms and soles

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41
Q

Apocrine glands

A

sudoriferous glands which become active during puberty, found alongside hair follicles around genitalia, armpits, nipples, and beards

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42
Q

Where are apocrine glands found?

A

deep in the dermis and subcutaneous layer

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43
Q

Describe the structure of sudoriferous glands

A

simple, coiled tubular glands

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44
Q

Where are eccrine glands found?

A

within the dermis

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45
Q

Compare the location of eccrine and apocrine glands

A

apocrine glands are deeper in the dermis and subcutaneous layer, while eccrine glands are not associated with hair follicles

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46
Q

cuticle, aka

A

eponychium

47
Q

lunula

A

white, crescent-shaped area of nail body

48
Q

Why is the lunula white?

A

a thickened region of epithelium directly beneath it prevents the pink colour from vascularization of underlying tissue from being seen

49
Q

Why is the majority of the nail body appear pink?

A

vascularization of epithelium below the nail is seen through it

50
Q

Name the parts of the nail body from from distal to proximal

A

free edge, nail body/plate, lunula, eponychium, nail root

51
Q

Name the parts of the nail bed from from distal to proximal

A

hyponychium, nail bed, nail matrix

52
Q

What is nail plate composed of?

A

dead, flattened, keratinized epithelial cells

53
Q

What is the function of eponychium?

A

protection of the area between the nail and epidermis from exposure to bacteria

54
Q

What is eponychium?

A

cuticle layer that extends onto the proximal portion of the nail, composed of stratum corneum

55
Q

What is the function of hyponychium?

A

secure the nail plate to the fingertip

56
Q

What is hyponychium?

A

thicked region of stratum corneum

57
Q

What is the function of nails?

A

protection of underlying tissues, grasping & picking up small objects

58
Q

first-degree burn

A

epidermis tissue is destroyed, skin is inflamed and tender

59
Q

What type of burn is a sunburn?

A

example of a first degree burn

60
Q

second-degree burn

A

epidermis and dermal tissue is destroyed, skin is blistering and painful

61
Q

third-degree burn

A

epidermal, dermal and some subcutaneous tissue is destroyed, no sensitivity (nerves destroyed)

62
Q

What is immediately life threatening about a severe burn?

A

loss of bodily fluids (skin no longer present to prevent leaking and evaporation)

63
Q

What are some general concerns associated with severe burns?

A

loss of bodily fluids, reduced blood circulation, bacterial infection, decreased production of urine

64
Q

What type of tissue composes the epidermis?

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue

65
Q

What type of tissue composes the dermis?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

66
Q

What three pigments are responsible for skin color?

A

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

67
Q

How does carotene contribute to skin colour?

A

yellow-orange pigment that deposits in stratum corneum and adipose tissue found in dermis and subcutaneous layers

68
Q

How does haemoglobin contribute to skin colour?

A

not found in skin cells, but rather in the vascularized dermal tissue, more apparent in light-skinned individuals

69
Q

How does melanin contribute to skin colour?

A

produced by melanocytes in the epidermis, amount of melanin produced dependent on genetics and level of UV exposure

70
Q

Describe the structure & location of sebaceous glands

A

simple branched acinar (rounded) glands found alongside hair follicles within the dermis everywhere except palms and soles

71
Q

What do sebaceous glands produce and why?

A

sebum coats hair shafts and skin to prevent drying, and contains substances that inhibit bacterial growth

72
Q

List four cells found in the epidermis

A

keratinocyte, intraepidermal macrophage/Langerhans, melanocyte, tactile/Merkel

73
Q

What connects the epidermis to the dermis?

A

basement membrane

74
Q

Where are melanocytes and Merkel/tactile cells found?

A

stratum basale

75
Q

How are keratinocytes organized?

A

new keratinocytes created from stem cells within the stratum basale, produce keratinous microfilaments within the stratum spinosum, die in stratum granulosum as they are too far away from vascular nutrition, and are fully dead and flattened in the stratum corneum

76
Q

What type of cell makes up 90% of the epidermis?

A

keratinocytes

77
Q

What is the function of Merkel/tactile cells?

A

attached to nerves in the dermal papillae, detect pressure sensation

78
Q

What structures are found in the dermis?

A

nerve endings, vessels, adipocytes, glands, hair follicles

79
Q

Describe the composition & function of the reticular layer of the dermis.

A

contains bundles of thick collagen fibers and coarse elastic fibres arranged in a network that helps skin resist stretching

80
Q

lammelar granules

A

lipid rich to seal water from entry into the skin, produced by kertinocytes

81
Q

Cutaneous membrane, aka

A

skin

82
Q

Where are areolar and adipose tissues found?

A

subcutaneous layer

83
Q

a sensory receptor that receives external stimuli

A

exteroceptor

84
Q

Where is stratum lucidum found?

A

the palms and soles of the feet

85
Q

Papillary layer, reticular layer

A

layers of the dermis from most superficial to most deep

86
Q

contains thin collagen and fine elastic fibres, papillae project into the epidermis, containing blood vessels and nerve endings to provide nutrition

A

papillary layer of the dermis

87
Q

Ridges that form fingerprints

A

How papillae are viewed on the palms and soles of the feet

88
Q

Which cell in the epidermis is for immune response?

A

Langerhans cells

89
Q

sudoriferous glands which are active throughout lifetime, found all over the body but especially the upper lip, forehead, palms and soles

A

Eccrine glands

90
Q

sudoriferous glands which become active during puberty, found alongside hair follicles around genitalia, armpits, nipples, and beards

A

Apocrine glands

91
Q

type of sudoriferous glands found deep in the dermis and subcutaneous layer

A

apocrine glands

92
Q

type of sudoriferous glands found within the dermis

A

eccrine glands

93
Q

eponychium, aka

A

cuticle

94
Q

white, crescent-shaped area of nail body

A

lunula

95
Q

What structure is made from dead, flattened, keratinized epithelial cells?

A

nail plate/body

96
Q

protects the area between the nail and epidermis from exposure to bacteria

A

eponychium

97
Q

epithelial layer that extends onto the proximal portion of the nail

A

eponychium

98
Q

thicked region of stratum corneum that secures the nail plate to the fingertip

A

hyponychium

99
Q

In which degree of burn is the epidermis tissue is destroyed, skin inflamed and tender?

A

first-degree burn

100
Q

example of a first degree burn

A

sunburn

101
Q

In which degree of burn is the epidermis and dermal tissue destroyed, skin is blistering and painful

A

second-degree burn

102
Q

In which degree of burn is the epidermal, dermal and some subcutaneous tissue is destroyed, no sensitivity (nerves destroyed)

A

third-degree burn

103
Q

What layer of skin is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

A

epidermis

104
Q

What layer of skin is composed of dense irregular connective tissue?

A

dermis

105
Q

yellow-orange pigment that contributes to skin colour

A

carotene

106
Q

pink vascular pigment that is more apparent in light-skinned individuals

A

haemoglobin

107
Q

dark skin pigment produced by melanocytes

A

melanin

108
Q

simple branched acinar (rounded) glands found alongside hair follicles within the dermis everywhere except palms and soles

A

sebaceous glands

109
Q

product of sebaceous glands that coats hair shafts and skin to prevent drying, and contains substances that inhibit bacterial growth

A

sebum

110
Q

keratinocytes, intraepidermal macrophages/Langerhans cells, melanocytes, tactile/Merkel cells

A

cells found in the epidermis

111
Q

where is the basement membrane found?

A

connects the epidermis to the dermis

112
Q

Epidermal cells found in the stratum basale

A

melanocytes and Merkel/tactile cells

113
Q

Which cell is attached to nerve endings in the dermal papillae, and detects pressure sensation?

A

Merkel/tactile cells

114
Q

contains bundles of thick collagen fibers and coarse elastic fibres arranged in a network that helps skin resist stretching

A

reticular layer of the dermis

Anatomy & Physiology (10 decks)

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