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Anatomy & Physiology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of Mitochondria?

A

converts energy from nutrients into ATP

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2
Q

What is the function of Ribosomes?

A

synthesizes proteins

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3
Q

Where are Ribosomes found?

A

found either attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum or free within the cytoplasm

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4
Q

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

synthesizes glycoproteins and phospholipids

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5
Q

What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

synthesizes fatty acids and steroids

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6
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus/complex?

A

modifies & packages proteins from the rough ER into transport, membrane, or secretory vesicles

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7
Q

What is the function of Lysosomes?

A

contains enzymes which digest worn out intracellular parts, antigens, and unwelcome substances from outside the cell.

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8
Q

What is the function of Peroxisomes?

A

digests toxic substances

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9
Q

What are the components of the Cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, and Microtubules

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10
Q

What is the function of the Cytoskeleton?

A

provides intracellular support and anchoring for other substances within the cytoplasm

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11
Q

What are the general regions of a cell?

A

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

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12
Q

What substances comprise the cell membrane?

A

Phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, glycoproteins

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13
Q

What is the function of the Centrosome?

A

synthesis of microtubules and unravelling of the chromosomes during cell division

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14
Q

What is the function of Cilia?

A

Organelle which is an extension of the cell membrane and actively sweeps extracellular material away

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15
Q

What is the function of a Flagellum?

A

the tail of a sperm cell, which propels the entire cell

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16
Q

What are Inclusions and what is its function?

A

non-functioning units that act as storage pouches within the cell for nutrients, lipid droplets in adipocytes, or skin pigments

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17
Q

What are the five components of a cellular Nucleus?

A

Nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, chromatin (forms chromosomes later)

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18
Q

What is the function of the cellular Nucleus?

A

Which organelle that stores the cell’s genetic information and controls the cell’s metabolism?

19
Q

Which mechanisms are classified as Passive Transportation?

A

Simple Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Osmosis, Filtration

20
Q

Passive Transportation

A

molecular transportation across a cell membrane, which requires no ATP from the cell

21
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

mode of passive transportation which allows small, nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules to move across the lipid bilayer from an area of high concentration to one of low

22
Q

Facilitated Diiffusion

A

mode of passive transportation which allows specific large, polar or hydrophylic molecules to move across a cell membrane via the assistance of a channel or carrier protein embedded within the membrane

23
Q

Osmosis

A

type of diffusion which allows water to cross the lipid bilayer unheeded from an area of lower solute content to one of higher solute content

24
Q

Water moves by osmosis to an area of higher or lower solute concentration?

A

moves from low solute concentration to high

25
Q

Water moves by osmosis to an area higher or lower solvent concentration?

A

moves from high solvent concentration to low

26
Q

Describe Isotonic

A

The solute concentration within the cell is equal to the that surrounding it.

27
Q

Describe the effects of a Hypotonic solution on a red blood cell

A

The solute concentration is lower within the cell than outside it, water diffuses into the cell too quickly and the cell bursts (hemolysis)

28
Q

Describe the effects of a Hypertonic solution on a red blood cell

A

The solute concentration is higher within the cell than outside it, water diffuses out of the cell too quickly and the cell collapses (crenation)

29
Q

What is the function of Microvilli?

A

Organelle which is an extension of the cell membrane and increases surface area for the purpose of absorption

30
Q

What is the function of the Centriole?

A

to be paired with another centriole and arranged in a perpendicular fashion as a Centrosome

31
Q

List four functions of Microtubules

A

determine cell shape, move of organelles along their length through the cell, component of cilia & flagella, aid in the unraveling of chromosomes during cell division

32
Q

Compare cytoplasm & cytosol

A

cytosol is the watery, fluid component of the cytoplasm, which is gel-like in consistency and hosts all the organelles enclosed by the cell membrane

33
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

strong proteins that span the inside of the cell, withstand mechanical stresses, and connect adjacent cells to one another

34
Q

Microfilaments

A

found around the periphery of the cytoplasm, composed of actin & myosin, help the cells with limited movement and maintain cell shape

35
Q

Compare lysosomes and peroxisomes

A

peroxisomes are smaller and digest toxins, whereas lysosomes completes digestion and recycles worn out intracellular parts

36
Q

Describe basic vesicular transportation

A

part of the organelle membrane buds off creating a vesicle, when the vesicle reaches its destination it merges with the destination membrane releasing its contents into another organelle or outside the cell

37
Q

Transport vesicles

A

carry their contents between organelles (e.g. proteins from ER to Golgi, or enzymes from Golgi to lysosome)

38
Q

Secretory vesicles

A

carry their contents to the plasma membrane to be expelled (e.g. insulin secretion)

39
Q

Membrane vesicles

A

carry new membrane components to the plasma membrane

40
Q

What is the function of the phospholipid bilayer?

A

forms a selectively permeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm and regulates the flow of materials travelling in and out of the cell

41
Q

What is the function of cholesterol within the cell membrane?

A

contributes to the membrane rigidity

42
Q

What is the function of glycoproteins within the cell membrane?

A

provide structural support for the membrane and channels of transportation for materials to pass in and out of the cell

43
Q

What is an example of facilitated diffusion?

A

glucose bind to outside of a carrier protein and is released into the cytoplasm

44
Q

Filtration

A

type of diffusion which allows water and dissolved contents to selectively cross the cell membranes from an area of high pressure to one of low, while larger molecules are left behind

Anatomy & Physiology (10 decks)

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