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Anatomy > Skeletal System Vocab > Flashcards

Skeletal System Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

organ system that includes the bones, and the ligaments and cartilages that hold them together

A

skeletal system

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2
Q

a bone with a long longitudinal axis and expanded ends

A

long bones

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3
Q

a bone with approximately equal length and width

A

short bones

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4
Q

bones that are expanded into broad, flat plates

A

flat bones

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5
Q

category of bones that come in a variety of shapes, most often connected to other bones

A

irregular bones

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6
Q

either end of a long bone

A

epiphysis

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7
Q

hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones in synovial joints

A

articular cartilage

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8
Q

shaft of a long bone

A

diaphysis

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9
Q

dense connective tissue covering the surface of a bone

A

periosteum

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10
Q

dense bone tissue in which cells are organized in osteons without apparent spaces; cortical bone

A

compact bone

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11
Q

bone that consists of bars and plates separated by irregular spaces; cancellous bone

A

spongy bone

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12
Q

branching bony plate that separates irregular spaces within spongy bone

A

trabecula

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13
Q

cavity containing red or yellow marrow within the diaphysis of a long bone

A

medullary cavity

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14
Q

tissue lining the medullary cavity in a bone

A

endosteum

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15
Q

connective tissue in spaces in bones that includes blood-forming stem cells

A

marrow

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16
Q

layer of matrix surrounding the central canal of an osteon

A

lamellae

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17
Q

microscopic canal that connects lacunae of bone tissue

A

canaliculus

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18
Q

formation of bone tissue

A

ossification

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19
Q

bone that forms from membrane-like layers of primitive connective tissue

A

intramembranous bones

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20
Q

bone-forming cell

A

osteoblast

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21
Q

mature bone cell

A

osteocyte

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22
Q

bone that begins as hyaline cartilage that is subsequently replaced by bone tissue

A

endochondral bone

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23
Q

cartilaginous layer between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone that grows, lengthening the bone

A

epiphyseal plate

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24
Q

cell that breaks down bone matrix

A

osteoclast

25
Q

production of blood cells from dividing stem and progenitor cells

A

hematopoiesis

26
Q

the portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the organs of the head, neck, and trunk

A

axial skeleton

27
Q

the cranium and the facial bones

A

skull

28
Q

the bony part of the skull that encloses the brain

A

cranium

29
Q

the bones that surround the mouth and nose

A

facial bones

30
Q

the bone that supports the tongue and is located in the neck between the lower jaw and the larynx

A

hyoid bone

31
Q

the spinal cord that consists of vertebrae separated by cartilaginous intervertebral discs

A

vertebral column

32
Q

the triangular bone in the lower back formed from fused vertebrae

A

sacrum

33
Q

the bone that is attached to the end of the sacrum and is composed of four fused vertebrae

A

coccyx

34
Q

the structure consists of the ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and sternum that protects the organs of the thoracic cavity

A

thoracic cage

35
Q

a series of flat bones that articulate posteriorly with the thoracic vertebrae, enclosing the chest cavity

A

rib

36
Q

part of the skeleton that supports ad attaches the upper limbs

A

pectoral girdle

37
Q

the shoulder blades

A

scapula

38
Q

pertaining to the wrist or any of the individual wrist bones

A

carpal

39
Q

any of the five bones of the hand between the wrist bones and finger ones

A

metacarpals

40
Q

part of the skeleton to which the lower limbs attach

A

pelvic girdle

41
Q

basin-shaped structure formed by the sacrum and hip bones

A

pelvis

42
Q

membranous region between certain developing cranial bones in the skull of a fetus or infant

A

fontanels

43
Q

fibrocartilage structure between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

A

intervertebral discs

44
Q

one of the bones making up the hip bone

A

ilium

45
Q

two or more bones joined by dense connective tissue

A

fibrous joints

46
Q

two or more bones joined by cartilage

A

cartilaginous joints

47
Q

freely movable joint

A

synovial joints

48
Q

movement decreasing the angle between bones at a joint

A

flexion

49
Q

movement increasing the angle between bones at a joint

A

extension

50
Q

movement of a body part away from the midline

A

abduction

51
Q

movement of a body part toward the midline

A

adduction

52
Q

movement turning a body part on its longitudinal axis

A

rotation

53
Q

downward or backward rotation of the palm

A

pronation

54
Q

upward or forward rotation of the palm

A

supination

55
Q

turning the plantar surface of the foot outward, away from the midline

A

eversion

56
Q

turning the plantar surface of the foot inward, toward the midline

A

inversion

57
Q

movement of a part toward the back

A

retraction

58
Q

forward movement of a body part

A

protraction

Anatomy (12 decks)

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