Muscles Vocab

Question 1

sheet of dense connective tissue that separates individual muscles and helps hold them in position

Answer 1

fascia

Question 2

sheath of connective tissue, deep to the fascia, surrounding a skeletal muscle

Answer 2

epimysium

Question 3

sheath of connective tissue that encloses a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers (encloses a fascicle)

Answer 3

perimysium

Question 4

small bundle of skeletal muscle fibers

Answer 4

fascicles

Question 5

sheet of connective tissue that attaches muscles to bone, skin, or to the coverings of adjacent muscles

Answer 5

aponeurosis

Question 6

contractile fiber in striated muscle cells

Answer 6

myofibrils

Question 7

protein in a muscle fiber that forms the thick filaments that slide between thin filaments of the protein actin, contracting muscle fibers

Answer 7

myosin

Question 8

protein in a muscle fiber that forms the thin filaments that slide between thick filaments of the protein myosin, contracting muscle fibers

Answer 8

actin

Question 9

structural unit of a myofibril and the functional unit of muscle contraction

Answer 9

sarcomere

Question 10

membranous network of channels and tubules within a muscle fiber, corresponding to the endoplasmic reticulum of other cells

Answer 10

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

any of several membranous channels that extend deep into the cell from a muscle fiber membrane

Answer 11

transverse tubules

Question 12

enlarged portion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum near the actin and myosin filaments of a striated muscle fiber

Answer 12

cisterna

Question 13

functional connectin between the axon terminal of a neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another neuron or the membrane of another cell type

Answer 13

synapse

Question 14

chemical that an axon secretes at a synapse that stimulates or inhibits an effector (muscle or gland) or other neuron

Answer 14

neurotransmitters

Question 15

synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber

Answer 15

neuromuscular junction

Question 16

specialized part of a muscle fiber membrane at a neuromuscular junction

Answer 16

motor end plate

Question 17

a narrow extracellular space between two cells at a synapse

Answer 17

synaptic cleft

Question 18

the method of a muscle contraction in which the actin and myosin filaments slide over each other to shorten the sarcomere

Answer 18

sliding filament model

Question 19

enzyme that transfers the energy stored in the terminal phosphate bonds of ATP molecules so it can be used by the cell

Answer 19

ATPase

Question 20

(ACh) type of neurotransmitter, which is a chemical secreted into the synaptic clefts at the axon ends of neurons

Answer 20

acetylcholine

Question 21

enzyme that catalyzes breakdown of acetylcholine

Answer 21

acetylcholinesterase

Question 22

molecule in muscle that stores energy

Answer 22

creatine phosphate

Question 23

oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells

Answer 23

hemoglobin

Question 24

oxygen-storing protein and muscle tissue

Answer 24

myoglobin

Question 25

organic compound formed from pyruvic acid in the anaerobic pathway of cellular respiration

Answer 25

lactic acid

Question 26

the amount of oxygen that liver cells require, after anaerobic exercise to convert the accumulated lactate into glucose, plus the amount muscle cells require to restore ATP and creatine phosphate to their original concentrations and to return blood and tissue oxygen levels to normal

Answer 26

oxygen debt

Question 27

single contraction of a muscle fiber followed by relaxation

Answer 27

twitch

Question 28

time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a response in a muscle fiber

Answer 28

latent period

Question 29

increased force of contraction by a skeletal muscle fiber when a twitch occurs before the previous twitch relaxes

Answer 29

summation

Question 30

continuous, forceful muscular contraction without relaxation

Answer 30

complete tetanic contraction

Question 31

a motor neuron and the muscle fibers that it controls

Answer 31

motor unit

Question 32

increase in the number of motor units taking part in a muscle contraction

Answer 32

recruitment

Question 33

ongoing low-level contraction of some fibers in otherwise resting skeletal muscle

Answer 33

muscle tone

Question 34

rhythmic wave of muscular contraction in the walls of certain tubular organs

Answer 34

peristalsis

Question 35

connection between cardiac muscle cells

Answer 35

intercalated discs

Question 36

end of a muscle that attaches to a relatively immovable part

Answer 36

origin

Question 37

end of a muscle attached to a movable part

Answer 37

insertion

Question 38

a muscle that causes a particular movement

Answer 38

agonist

Question 39

muscle that opposes a particular movement

Answer 39

antagonist

Question 40

muscle that provides most of a particular body movement (also called an agonist)

Answer 40

prime mover