Muscles Pt. 1 Test

Question 1

What are some general functions of muscles?

Answer 1

• Move the skeleton (because muscles are attached to bones via tendons)
• control openings (like the eyes, mouth, and anus which have sphincter muscles surrounding them)
• stabilize joints (to maintain our posture)
• provide facial expressions (like happy, sad, etc.)
• give off heat (when you move around, work, exercise, etc.)
• offer protection (abdominal organs protected by rectus abdominus, etc.)

Question 2

In what five ways can muscles be named?

Answer 2

• Shape
• Number of Heads
• Length
• Location
• Where attached

Question 3

Give an example of a muscle named in each of the five different ways.

Answer 3

Shape
- deltoid (upside-down triangle)
- trapezius (trapezoid)
Number of Heads
- biceps (2 heads)
- triceps (3 heads)
Length
- short muscles ("brevis")
- long muscles ("longus")
Location
- brachii (arm)
- femoris (thigh)
- intercostals (between the ribs)
- temporalis (over the temporal bone)
Where Attached
- Sternocleidomastoid (attached to the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process)

Question 4

What are the six types of movement muscles produce?

Answer 4

Flexors
- decrease the angle at a joint
- Ex: when the biceps brachii muscles contracts, the angl at the elbow decreases
Extensors
- increase the angle at a joint
- Ex: when the triceps brachii muscle contracts, the angle at the elbow increases
Adductors
- move a limb toward the midline of the body
Abductors
- move a limb away from the midline of the body
Supinators
- move the hand palm up
Pronators
- move the hand palm down

Question 5

What can you tell me about this muscle simply by looking at its name: extensor carpi radialis longus? Where would it be located?

Answer 5

Extensor - increases the angle of a joint.
Carpi - attaches at carpal bones.
Radialis - is in the forearm.
Longus - is a long muscle.
This is a long muscle found in the forearm which acts to extend the wrist.

Question 6

Muscles work in pairs. What is the name for each and what is its function?

Answer 6

Prime Mover
- main muscle contracting and carrying out the function.
Antagonist
- must relax for the prime mover to function
Ex: the biceps flex (are prime movers) only if the triceps relax (antagonist)

Question 7

What is the name for each type of muscle attachment and what are the characteristics of each?

Answer 7

Origin
- immovable end
- is at the proximal portion of the limb or is closer to the midline of the trunk
Insertion
- movable end
- is at the distal portion or the limb or is farther from the midline of the trunk

Question 8

How many muscles are there in the human body?

Answer 8

639

Question 9

Galea Aponeurotica

Answer 9

• thin, strong layer of connective tissue (is not a muscle)

- is important because it connects the frontalis muscle to the occipitalis muscle

Question 10

Occipitalis (O, I, A)

Answer 10

O: occipital bone and mastoid process
I: galea aponeurotica
A: moves skin and hair located over the occipital bone up and down

Question 11

Frontalis (O, I, A)

Answer 11

O: galea aponeurotica
I: muscles in the superior orbit
A: raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead

Question 12

Levetor Palpebrae (O, I, A)

Answer 12

O: superior orbit
I: upper eyelid
A: raises eyelid
(if you have drropy eyelids, your 3rd cranial nerve isn’t healthy)

Question 13

Orbicularis Oculi (O, I, A)

Answer 13

O: medial palpebrae ligament
I: lateral palpebrae ligament
A: blinks and/or closes eyelids

Question 14

Buccinator (O, I, A)

Answer 14

O: maxilla and mandible
I: angle of mouth
A: helps you smile; compresses side of cheeks to force air out of mouth; useful when chewing

Question 15

Orbicular Oris (O, I, A)

Answer 15

O: cheek muscles
I: contralateral angle of mouth
A: closes mouth

Question 16

Temporalis (O, I, A)

Answer 16

O: temporal bone
I: coronoid process of mandible
A: closes jaw