Skeletal System Test

Question 1

vinegar cup

Answer 1

acetabul

Question 2

axis

Answer 2

ax

Question 3

bud

Answer 3

blast

Question 4

channel

Answer 4

canal

Question 5

wrist

Answer 5

carp

Question 6

break

Answer 6

clast

Question 7

bar

Answer 7

clav

Question 8

knob, knuckle

Answer 8

condyl

Question 9

crow’s beak

Answer 9

corac

Question 10

sieve

Answer 10

cribr

Question 11

crest

Answer 11

crist

Question 12

pit

Answer 12

fov

Question 13

joint socket

Answer 13

glen

Question 14

among

Answer 14

inter

Question 15

inside

Answer 15

intra

Question 16

thin plate

Answer 16

lamell

Question 17

passage

Answer 17

meat

Question 18

tooth

Answer 18

odont

Question 19

make, produce

Answer 19

poie

Question 20

How many bones are found in the human skeleton?

Answer 20

206

Question 21

Why do babies have more bones than adults?

Answer 21

Babies are born with 270 soft bones, many of which fuse together in the late teens.

Question 22

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 22

• Supports body (bones of lower limbs, pelvis, and vertebral column support body’s weight)
• Gives shape to structures such as head, face, and limbs
• Protects organs like the heart and lungs
• Allows movement (serves as points of attachments for muscles)
• Produces blood cells (red, white, platelets)
• Stores inorganic salts (minerals) like calcium and phosphorus which our bodies need for proper maintenance

Question 23

What two body systems interact to provide movement?

Answer 23

skeletal system and muscular system

Question 24

Muscles are connected to bones by ________.

Answer 24

tendons

Question 25

Bones are connected to bones by ________.

Answer 25

ligaments

Question 26

Where two bones meet one another is called a joint or _________.

Answer 26

articulation

Question 27

How do muscles produce movement of a joint?

Answer 27

The muscles must be attached to two different bones involved in the joint. When the muscles contract, they pull the bones together and a bend occurs at the joint; when the muscles relax, the bones straighten out and the joint is no longer bent.

Question 28

Give an example of the bones and muscles working together to cause bending at a joint, then straightening at the joint.

Answer 28

A contraction of the biceps coupled with a relaxation of the triceps produces a bend at the elbow. A contraction of the triceps coupled with a relaxation of the biceps produces a straight arm.

Question 29

Where are blood cells produced?

Answer 29

in the red marrow of certain bones

Question 30

What are two primary mineral salts stored in bone?

Answer 30

Calcium and phosphorus

Question 31

What results in the release of these two minerals from the bone when blood levels of them drop?

Answer 31

hormones from the endocrine system

Question 32

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 32

Disease of the bone in which the bone mineral density is reduced, bone structure is disrupted, and proteins in bone are altered

Question 33

How does the axial skeleton differ from the appendicular person?

Answer 33

• Axial skeleton: consists of the bones forming the axis of the body: head, neck, and trunk
• Appendicular skeleton: consists of the appendages and the bones (girdles) which anchor them to the axial skeleton

Question 34

Name and locate the major bones of the axial skeleton.

Answer 34

• Skull (8 cranial and 14 facial bones)
• Middle ear bones (malleus, incus, stapes)
• Hyoid bone (supports tongue, attaches muscles that move tongue)
• Vertebral column bones (surround spinal cavity)
• Thoracic cage bones (surround thoracic cavity and include the ribs and sternum)

Question 35

Name and locate the major bones of the appendicular skeleton.

Answer 35

• Upper extremities (whole arm)
• Pectoral girdle (clavicle and scapula)
• Lower extremities (whole leg)
• Pelvic girdle (coxal or hip bones made up of ilium, ischium, and pubis)

Question 36

List 5 types of bone and give an example of each.

Answer 36

• Long bones (femur)
• Short bones (tarsal)
• Flat bones (parietal bone of head)
• Irregular bones (vertebrae)
• Sesamoid or round bones (patella)

Question 37

What are some characteristics of long bones? Where are they found?

Answer 37

• Are longer than they are wide; have expanded ends called epiphyses (singular is epiphysis); shaft is called the diaphysis
• Found in the upper and lower extremities

Question 38

Describe the epiphysis.

Answer 38

• Expanded ends of long bone
• Articulate with other bones
• Covered with hyaline cartilage
• Have spongy bone inside so aren’t as strong as the diaphysis or shaft
• The epiphysis closest to the trunk is the proximal epiphysis while the epiphysis farthest from the trunk is the distal epiphysis

Question 39

What are some characteristics of the diaphysis?

Answer 39

• Enclosed by membrane called the periosteum
• Wall is composed of compact bone which is hard, solid, strong, and resists compressional forces
• Centrally-located medullary cavity (hollow chamber) has nerve fibers and blood vessels
• Medullary cavity is lined with endosteum which forms bone
• Marrow, a soft connective tissue, can also fill the medullary cavity in some bones
• Is stronger than the epiphysis because it has a wall of compact bone

Question 40

What are some characteristics of short bones? Where are they found?

Answer 40

• Are short and cube-shaped so lengths and widths are roughly equal
• Include bones found in the wrists and ankles

Question 41

What are some characteristics of flat bones? Where are they found?

Answer 41

• Have broad surfaces for protection of organs and attachment of muscles
• Include ribs, cranium, pectoral girdle

Question 42

What are some characteristics of irregular bones? Where are they found?

Answer 42

• All bones not falling into previous categories

- Include vertebrae and some skull bones

Question 43

What are some characteristics of sesamoid or round bones?

Answer 43

• Small and nodular; embedded within tendons adjacent to joints
• Include patella (knee cap)