Skeletal System Vocab

Question 1

Axial skeleton

Answer 1

Consists of the bones of the head and trunk of vertebrate.

Question 2

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

consists of the bones or cartilage that support the appendages.

Question 3

Compact bone

Answer 3

the bony matrix is solidly filled with organic ground substance and inorganic salts, leaving only tiny spaces (lacunae) that contain the osteocytes, or bone cells.

Question 4

Spongy bone

Answer 4

s a network of irregularly-shaped sheets and spikes of bone (trabeculae). The trabeculae are only a few cell layers thick.

Question 5

Long bones

Answer 5

hard, dense bones that provide strength, structure, and mobility. The femur (thigh bone) is a long bone.

Question 6

Short bones

Answer 6

Short bones are shaped roughly as a cube and contain mostly spongy bone. The outside surface is comprised of a thin layer of compact bone

Question 7

Flat bones

Answer 7

bones whose principal function is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment. These bones are expanded into broad, flat plates, as in the cranium (skull), the ilium (pelvis), sternum and the rib cage.

Question 8

Irregular bones

Answer 8

serve various purposes in the body, such as protection of nervous tissue (such as the vertebrae protect the spinal cord), affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone).

Question 9

DIaphysis

Answer 9

the shaft or central part of a long bone.

Question 10

Periosteum

Answer 10

a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.

Question 11

Epiphyseal line

Answer 11

hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone

Question 12

Comminuted fracture

Answer 12

a break or splinter of the bone into more than two fragments.

Question 13

Compression fracture

Answer 13

Occurs when one or more bones in the spine weaken and crumple.

Question 14

Depressed fracture

Answer 14

is a break in a cranial bone.

Question 15

Impacted fracture

Answer 15

is when the bone breaks into several pieces

Question 16

Spiral fracture

Answer 16

is a bone fracture occurring when torque (a rotating force) is applied along the axis of a bone.

Question 17

Greenstick fracture

Answer 17

a fracture of the bone, occurring typically in children, in which one side of the bone is broken and the other only bent.

Question 18

Hematoma

Answer 18

a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.

Question 19

Cranium

Answer 19

the skull

Question 20

Occipital bone

Answer 20

a saucer-shaped membrane bone situated at the back and lower part of the skull

Question 21

Vertebral column

Answer 21

also known as the backbone or spine,

Question 22

Vertebrae

Answer 22

articulate with each other to give strength and flexibility to the spinal column, and the shape at their back and front

Question 23

Intervertebral discs

Answer 23

lies between adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column.

Question 24

Cervical vertebrae

Answer 24

the vertebrae immediately below the skull.

Question 25

Thoracic vertebrae

Answer 25

compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae

Question 26

Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 26

the five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis

Question 27

Sacrum

Answer 27

a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine

Question 28

Coccyx

Answer 28

commonly referred to as the tailbone

Question 29

Sternum

Answer 29

a thickened ventral plate on each segment of the body of an arthropod.

Question 30

RIbs

Answer 30

One of the 12 paired arches of bone that form the skeletal structure of the chest wall (the rib cage).

Question 31

Clavicle

Answer 31

A break in the bone connecting the breastbone and shoulder

Question 32

Scapulae

Answer 32

shoulder blade

Question 33

Humerus

Answer 33

a long bone in the arm or forelimb that runs from the shoulder to the elbow

Question 34

Radius

Answer 34

two large bones of the forearm

Question 35

Ulna

Answer 35

the thinner and longer of the two bones in the human forearm, on the side opposite to the thumb.

Question 36

Carpal bones

Answer 36

the carpus is the sole cluster of bones in the wrist between the radius

Question 37

Metacarpals

Answer 37

form the intermediate part of the skeletal hand located between the phalanges of the fingers and the carpal bones of the wrist which forms the connection to the forearm.

Question 38

Pelvic girdle

Answer 38

the enclosing structure formed by the pelvis, providing attachment for the hind limbs or pelvic fins.

Question 39

Femur

Answer 39

Bone of the leg.

Question 40

Tibia

Answer 40

the main bone of the leg,

Question 41

Fibula

Answer 41

or calf bone is a leg bone located on the lateral side of the tibia,

Question 42

Metatarsuls

Answer 42

any of the bones of the foot