Skeletal System Vocab Flashcards
Axial skeleton
Consists of the bones of the head and trunk of vertebrate.
Appendicular skeleton
consists of the bones or cartilage that support the appendages.
Compact bone
the bony matrix is solidly filled with organic ground substance and inorganic salts, leaving only tiny spaces (lacunae) that contain the osteocytes, or bone cells.
Spongy bone
s a network of irregularly-shaped sheets and spikes of bone (trabeculae). The trabeculae are only a few cell layers thick.
Long bones
hard, dense bones that provide strength, structure, and mobility. The femur (thigh bone) is a long bone.
Short bones
Short bones are shaped roughly as a cube and contain mostly spongy bone. The outside surface is comprised of a thin layer of compact bone
Flat bones
bones whose principal function is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment. These bones are expanded into broad, flat plates, as in the cranium (skull), the ilium (pelvis), sternum and the rib cage.
Irregular bones
serve various purposes in the body, such as protection of nervous tissue (such as the vertebrae protect the spinal cord), affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone).
DIaphysis
the shaft or central part of a long bone.
Periosteum
a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.
Epiphyseal line
hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone
Comminuted fracture
a break or splinter of the bone into more than two fragments.
Compression fracture
Occurs when one or more bones in the spine weaken and crumple.
Depressed fracture
is a break in a cranial bone.
Impacted fracture
is when the bone breaks into several pieces
Spiral fracture
is a bone fracture occurring when torque (a rotating force) is applied along the axis of a bone.
Greenstick fracture
a fracture of the bone, occurring typically in children, in which one side of the bone is broken and the other only bent.
Hematoma
a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.
Cranium
the skull
Occipital bone
a saucer-shaped membrane bone situated at the back and lower part of the skull
Vertebral column
also known as the backbone or spine,
Vertebrae
articulate with each other to give strength and flexibility to the spinal column, and the shape at their back and front
Intervertebral discs
lies between adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column.
Cervical vertebrae
the vertebrae immediately below the skull.
Thoracic vertebrae
compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
the five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis
Sacrum
a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine
Coccyx
commonly referred to as the tailbone
Sternum
a thickened ventral plate on each segment of the body of an arthropod.
RIbs
One of the 12 paired arches of bone that form the skeletal structure of the chest wall (the rib cage).
Clavicle
A break in the bone connecting the breastbone and shoulder
Scapulae
shoulder blade
Humerus
a long bone in the arm or forelimb that runs from the shoulder to the elbow
Radius
two large bones of the forearm
Ulna
the thinner and longer of the two bones in the human forearm, on the side opposite to the thumb.
Carpal bones
the carpus is the sole cluster of bones in the wrist between the radius
Metacarpals
form the intermediate part of the skeletal hand located between the phalanges of the fingers and the carpal bones of the wrist which forms the connection to the forearm.
Pelvic girdle
the enclosing structure formed by the pelvis, providing attachment for the hind limbs or pelvic fins.
Femur
Bone of the leg.
Tibia
the main bone of the leg,
Fibula
or calf bone is a leg bone located on the lateral side of the tibia,
Metatarsuls
any of the bones of the foot
