Chapter 2 Vocab Flashcards
Matter
Anything that has mass ans takes up space. the “stuff” of the universe.
Kinetic Energy
When energy is actually doing work. (Moving objects.)
Potential Energy
When it is inactive/stored. (like batteries in an unused toy.)
Chemical Engergy
Stored in the bonds of chemical substances.
Electrical Energy
Results from the movement of charged particles.
Mechanical Energy
directly involved in moving matter.
Radiant Energy
Travels in waves. X-Rays for example.
Element
All matter is composed of a limited number of substances.
Atom
Smallest particle that still remians its special propriety.
Proton
Positive charge.
Neutron
Unchanged/ Neutral.
Electron
Negative charge.
Molecules
Smallest particle in a chemical element. When two or more atoms are chemically combined.
Compound
Two or more bases are combined.
Chemical Reactions
Occur whenever atoms combine with or dissociate from other atoms.
Valence Shell
The only electrons that are important when considering bonding behavior are those in the outer most shell.
Ionic bonds
Form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.
Ions
When there is no positive of negative charge.
Covalent Bonds
Electrons do not have to be completely lost or gained for atoms to become stable.
Hydrogen bonds
Extremely weak bonds formed when a hydrogen atom bound to one electron-hungry nitrogen or oxygen atom is attracted by another electron-hungry atom, and the hydrogen forms a bridge between them.
synthesis reactions
Occur when two or more atoms or molecules combine to form a larger more complex molecule.
Decomposition reactions
Occur when a molecule is broken down into smaller molecule atoms or ions.
Exchange Reactions
Involve both synthesis and decomposition reactions; bonds are both made and broken down.
Inorganic Compounds
Lack Carbon containing compounds.
Organic compounds
Carbon containing compounds.
Electrolytes
Substances that conduct an electrical current in solution.
Carbohydrates
hydrogen and oxygen atoms appear in the same ratio as in water.
glucose
universal cellular fuel.
Monosaccharides
single-chain or single ring structures containing 3-7 carbon atoms.
Disaccharides
two simple sugars are joined by a synthesis reaction.
Polysaccharides
long branching chains of linked simple sugars.
Lipids
large diverse group of organic compounds.
Triglycerides
2 types of building blocks fatty acids and glycerol.
Phospholipids
always part of the molecule and takes the place of one of the fatty acid chains.
Steriods
flat molecules formed of four interlocking rings.
cholesterol
most important steroid molecule.
Protein
account for over 50 percent of the organic matter in the body.
Amino Acids
The building blocks of proteins are small molecules.
Enzymes
functional proteins that act as biological catalysts.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid. a major nucleic acid.
ATP
Adenosine triphospate. provides a form of chemical energy.
