Chapter 2 Vocab

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass ans takes up space. the “stuff” of the universe.

Question 2

Kinetic Energy

Answer 2

When energy is actually doing work. (Moving objects.)

Question 3

Potential Energy

Answer 3

When it is inactive/stored. (like batteries in an unused toy.)

Question 4

Chemical Engergy

Answer 4

Stored in the bonds of chemical substances.

Question 5

Electrical Energy

Answer 5

Results from the movement of charged particles.

Question 6

Mechanical Energy

Answer 6

directly involved in moving matter.

Question 7

Radiant Energy

Answer 7

Travels in waves. X-Rays for example.

Question 8

Element

Answer 8

All matter is composed of a limited number of substances.

Question 9

Atom

Answer 9

Smallest particle that still remians its special propriety.

Question 10

Proton

Answer 10

Positive charge.

Question 11

Neutron

Answer 11

Unchanged/ Neutral.

Question 12

Electron

Answer 12

Negative charge.

Question 13

Molecules

Answer 13

Smallest particle in a chemical element. When two or more atoms are chemically combined.

Question 14

Compound

Answer 14

Two or more bases are combined.

Question 15

Chemical Reactions

Answer 15

Occur whenever atoms combine with or dissociate from other atoms.

Question 16

Valence Shell

Answer 16

The only electrons that are important when considering bonding behavior are those in the outer most shell.

Question 17

Ionic bonds

Answer 17

Form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.

Question 18

Ions

Answer 18

When there is no positive of negative charge.

Question 19

Covalent Bonds

Answer 19

Electrons do not have to be completely lost or gained for atoms to become stable.

Question 20

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 20

Extremely weak bonds formed when a hydrogen atom bound to one electron-hungry nitrogen or oxygen atom is attracted by another electron-hungry atom, and the hydrogen forms a bridge between them.

Question 21

synthesis reactions

Answer 21

Occur when two or more atoms or molecules combine to form a larger more complex molecule.

Question 22

Decomposition reactions

Answer 22

Occur when a molecule is broken down into smaller molecule atoms or ions.

Question 23

Exchange Reactions

Answer 23

Involve both synthesis and decomposition reactions; bonds are both made and broken down.

Question 24

Inorganic Compounds

Answer 24

Lack Carbon containing compounds.

Question 25

Organic compounds

Answer 25

Carbon containing compounds.

Question 26

Electrolytes

Answer 26

Substances that conduct an electrical current in solution.

Question 27

Carbohydrates

Answer 27

hydrogen and oxygen atoms appear in the same ratio as in water.

Question 28

glucose

Answer 28

universal cellular fuel.

Question 29

Monosaccharides

Answer 29

single-chain or single ring structures containing 3-7 carbon atoms.

Question 30

Disaccharides

Answer 30

two simple sugars are joined by a synthesis reaction.

Question 31

Polysaccharides

Answer 31

long branching chains of linked simple sugars.

Question 32

Lipids

Answer 32

large diverse group of organic compounds.

Question 33

Triglycerides

Answer 33

2 types of building blocks fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 34

Phospholipids

Answer 34

always part of the molecule and takes the place of one of the fatty acid chains.

Question 35

Steriods

Answer 35

flat molecules formed of four interlocking rings.

Question 36

cholesterol

Answer 36

most important steroid molecule.

Question 37

Protein

Answer 37

account for over 50 percent of the organic matter in the body.

Question 38

Amino Acids

Answer 38

The building blocks of proteins are small molecules.

Question 39

Enzymes

Answer 39

functional proteins that act as biological catalysts.

Question 40

DNA

Answer 40

Deoxyribonucleic acid. a major nucleic acid.

Question 41

ATP

Answer 41

Adenosine triphospate. provides a form of chemical energy.