Chapter 1 Vocab

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the structure and shape of the body and the body parts and their relationships to one another.

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The study of how the body and it’s parts work or function.

Question 3

Cell

Answer 3

The smallest units of all living things.

Question 4

Tissue

Answer 4

consist of groups of simuliar cells that have a common function.

Question 5

Organelle

Answer 5

any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.

Question 6

Organ

Answer 6

The structure that is composed of two or more tissue types and performs a specific function for the body.

Question 7

Organ system

Answer 7

A group of organs that cooperate to accomplish a common purpose.

Question 8

Organism

Answer 8

Highest level of structural organization.

Question 9

Metabolism

Answer 9

the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

Question 10

Homeostasis

Answer 10

Describes the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is constantly changing.

Question 11

negative-feedback mechanisms

Answer 11

occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances.

Question 12

Receptor

Answer 12

First component; Some type of sensor that monitors and responds to such changes in the environment.

Question 13

Control center

Answer 13

Determines the level at which the variable is to be maintained, analyzes the information it receives and then determines the appropriate response or course of action.

Question 14

Effector

Answer 14

Provides the means for the control center”s response to the stimulus.

Question 15

positive-feedback mechanism

Answer 15

These control infrequent events that occur explosively and do not require continuous adjustment.

Question 16

anatomical position

Answer 16

The body in standard position.

Question 17

Supierior

Answer 17

The head end or upper part of the body

Question 18

inferior

Answer 18

Away from the head end or toward the lower part.

Question 19

anterior

Answer 19

situated toward the front of the body : ventral

Question 20

posterior

Answer 20

Situated toward the back of the body.

Question 21

sagittal plane

Answer 21

A cut made along the lengthwise, or longitudinal, plane of the body dividing the body into right and left parts.

Question 22

transverse plane

Answer 22

A cut made along a horizontal plane that divides the body into top and bottom sections.

Question 23

frontal plane

Answer 23

A cut made along a horizontal plane that divides the body into Front and back sections.

Question 24

oblique plane

Answer 24

A cut made horizontally.

Question 25

thoracic cavity

Answer 25

Separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by a domed shape muscle.

Question 26

abdominal cavity

Answer 26

Superior; stomach, liver, intestines, and other organs.

Question 27

pelvic cavity

Answer 27

Inferior; reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum.

Question 28

serous membranes

Answer 28

A membrane that lines a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body.

Question 29

pericardial cavity

Answer 29

a natural hollow or sinus within the body

Question 30

pleural cavity

Answer 30

s the thin fluid-filled space between the two pulmonary pleurae (visceral and parietal) of each lung.

Question 31

peritoneal cavity

Answer 31

is a potential space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum, that is, the two membranes that separate the organs in the abdominal cavity from the abdominal wall.

Question 32

mesentery

Answer 32

A double layer of peritoneum attached to the abdominal wall and enclosing in its fold certain organs of the abdominal viscera.