Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Apex
is the tip of a pyramidal or rounded structure, such as the lung or the heart.
Base
he part of the heart formed mainly by the left atrium and to a lesser extent by the posterior part of the right atrium, directed backward and to the right, and separated from the vertebral column by the esophagus and aorta.
Pericardium
the membrane enclosing the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner double layer of serous membrane.
myocardium
is the muscular wall of the heart, or the heart muscle
endocardium
the thin, smooth membrane that lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves.
Atria
each of the two upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles.
Ventricles
a hollow part or cavity in an organ, in particular.
each of the two main chambers of the heart, left and right.
Interventricular septum
, is the stout wall separating the lower chambers (the ventricles) of the heart from one another.
Interatrial septum
is the wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria of the heart.
Superior venae cavae
is a short, but large diameter vein located in the anterior right superior mediastinum.
Inferior venae cavae
is a large vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart.
Pulmonary trunk
a major vessel of the human heart that originates from the right ventricle.
Pulmonary arteries
the artery carrying blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
Pulmonary veins
large blood vessels that receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and drain into the left atrium of the heart.
Pulmonary circulation
is the portion of the cardiovascular system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood back to the heart.
Aorta
the main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system. In humans it passes over the heart from the left ventricle and runs down in front of the backbone.
Systemic circulation
is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. PubMed Health Glossary
Atrioventricular valves
the mitral valve (bicuspid valve), and the tricuspid valve, which are between the upper chambers (atria) and the lower chambers (ventricles).
Bicuspid valve
the valve has only two leaflets.
Tricuspid valve
right atrioventricular valve, is on the right dorsal side of the mammalian heart, between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
Chordae tendineae
heart strings, are cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart.
Semilunar valves
each of a pair of valves in the heart, at the bases of the aorta and the pulmonary artery, consisting of three cusps or flaps that prevent the flow of blood back into the heart.
Pulmonary aortic semilunar valves
the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps.
Coronary arteries
an artery supplying blood to the heart.
Cardiac veins
sulcus between the right atrium and ventricle and opens into the right extremity of the coronary sinus. It receives blood from the posterior portion of the right atrium and ventricle. It may drain to the coronary sinus, right atrium, middle cardiac vein, or be absent.
Coronary sinus
a wide venous channel about 2.25 centimeters in length that receives blood from the coronary veins and empties into the right atrium of the heart.
Angina pectoris
main artery of the heart.
Myocardial infarction
the death of a heart muscle.
Sinoatrial node
a small body of specialized muscle tissue in the wall of the right atrium of the heart that acts as a pacemaker by producing a contractile signal at regular intervals.
Atrioventricular node
part of the electrical conduction system of the heart that coordinates the top of the heart
Purkinje fibers
networks of fibers that receive conductive signals originating at the atrioventricular node
Pacemaker
is a small device that’s placed in the chest or abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms.
Ischemia
an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles
Fibrillation
an irregular and often rapid heart rate that can increase your risk of stroke, heart failure
Systole
is the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, that results in the ejection of blood into an adjacent chamber or vessel.
Diastole
cycle when the heart refills with blood following systole
