Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Apex

Answer 1

is the tip of a pyramidal or rounded structure, such as the lung or the heart.

Question 2

Base

Answer 2

he part of the heart formed mainly by the left atrium and to a lesser extent by the posterior part of the right atrium, directed backward and to the right, and separated from the vertebral column by the esophagus and aorta.

Question 3

Pericardium

Answer 3

the membrane enclosing the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner double layer of serous membrane.

Question 4

myocardium

Answer 4

is the muscular wall of the heart, or the heart muscle

Question 5

endocardium

Answer 5

the thin, smooth membrane that lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves.

Question 6

Atria

Answer 6

each of the two upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles.

Question 7

Ventricles

Answer 7

a hollow part or cavity in an organ, in particular.

each of the two main chambers of the heart, left and right.

Question 8

Interventricular septum

Answer 8

, is the stout wall separating the lower chambers (the ventricles) of the heart from one another.

Question 9

Interatrial septum

Answer 9

is the wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria of the heart.

Question 10

Superior venae cavae

Answer 10

is a short, but large diameter vein located in the anterior right superior mediastinum.

Question 11

Inferior venae cavae

Answer 11

is a large vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart.

Question 12

Pulmonary trunk

Answer 12

a major vessel of the human heart that originates from the right ventricle.

Question 13

Pulmonary arteries

Answer 13

the artery carrying blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.

Question 14

Pulmonary veins

Answer 14

large blood vessels that receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and drain into the left atrium of the heart.

Question 15

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 15

is the portion of the cardiovascular system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood back to the heart.

Question 16

Aorta

Answer 16

the main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system. In humans it passes over the heart from the left ventricle and runs down in front of the backbone.

Question 17

Systemic circulation

Answer 17

is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. PubMed Health Glossary

Question 18

Atrioventricular valves

Answer 18

the mitral valve (bicuspid valve), and the tricuspid valve, which are between the upper chambers (atria) and the lower chambers (ventricles).

Question 19

Bicuspid valve

Answer 19

the valve has only two leaflets.

Question 20

Tricuspid valve

Answer 20

right atrioventricular valve, is on the right dorsal side of the mammalian heart, between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

Question 21

Chordae tendineae

Answer 21

heart strings, are cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart.

Question 22

Semilunar valves

Answer 22

each of a pair of valves in the heart, at the bases of the aorta and the pulmonary artery, consisting of three cusps or flaps that prevent the flow of blood back into the heart.

Question 23

Pulmonary aortic semilunar valves

Answer 23

the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps.

Question 24

Coronary arteries

Answer 24

an artery supplying blood to the heart.

Question 25

Cardiac veins

Answer 25

sulcus between the right atrium and ventricle and opens into the right extremity of the coronary sinus. It receives blood from the posterior portion of the right atrium and ventricle. It may drain to the coronary sinus, right atrium, middle cardiac vein, or be absent.

Question 26

Coronary sinus

Answer 26

a wide venous channel about 2.25 centimeters in length that receives blood from the coronary veins and empties into the right atrium of the heart.

Question 27

Angina pectoris

Answer 27

main artery of the heart.

Question 28

Myocardial infarction

Answer 28

the death of a heart muscle.

Question 29

Sinoatrial node

Answer 29

a small body of specialized muscle tissue in the wall of the right atrium of the heart that acts as a pacemaker by producing a contractile signal at regular intervals.

Question 30

Atrioventricular node

Answer 30

part of the electrical conduction system of the heart that coordinates the top of the heart

Question 31

Purkinje fibers

Answer 31

networks of fibers that receive conductive signals originating at the atrioventricular node

Question 32

Pacemaker

Answer 32

is a small device that’s placed in the chest or abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms.

Question 33

Ischemia

Answer 33

an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles

Question 34

Fibrillation

Answer 34

an irregular and often rapid heart rate that can increase your risk of stroke, heart failure

Question 35

Systole

Answer 35

is the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, that results in the ejection of blood into an adjacent chamber or vessel.

Question 36

Diastole

Answer 36

cycle when the heart refills with blood following systole