Nervous System Flashcards
Nervous System
The master controlling and communicating system of the body.
Sensory input
Gathered information
Integration
makes decisions about what should be done at each moment.
Central nervous system
the brain, and spinal cord which occupy the dorsal body cavity.
Peripheral nervous system
the part of the nervous system outside the CNS. mainly consists of the nerves leaving the brain.
afferent
consists of nerve fibers that convey impulses to the CNS from sensory receptors.
efferent
carries impulses from the CNS to the effector organs the muscles and the glands.
somatic nerve system
allows us to consciously control our skeletal muscles.
Automatic Nervous system
regulates events that are automatic or involentary.
neuroglia
cells that generally support, isulate, and protect the deicate neurons.
Astrocytes
star shaped cells that account for nearly half of the neural tissue.
Microglials
spiderlike phagocytes that dispose of debris including dead brain cells, and bacteria.
ependymal cells
these line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord.
oligodendrocytes
wrap their flat extensions tightly around the nerve fibers.
Schwann cells
Axons outside the CNS
satellite cells
are precursors to skeletal muscle cell.
neurons
a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.
dendrites
generate nerve impulses.
axons
conducts nerve cells away from the body
axon hillock
coneike region of the cell body.
axon terminals
contain hundreds of tiny vessels.
myelin
fibers convered with fatty material
myelin sheath
tight coil wrapped membranes.
nodes of Ranvier
gaps in schwann cells.
depolarization
As the sodium rushes back into the cell the positive sodium ions raise the charge inside of the cell from negative to positive
action potential
is a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a consistent trajectory.
repolarization
refers to the change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value
cerebrum
anterior part of the skull.
parietal lobe
The parietal lobe is positioned above the occipital lobe
frontal lobe
at the front of the brain,
occipital lobe
is the visual processing center
temporal lobe
is located beneath the lateral fissure
gray matter
the darker tissue of the brain and spinal cord,
cerebral white matter
lighter tissue of the brain
cerebellum
the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity.
