Digestive System

Question 1

gastrointestinal tract

Answer 1

organ system responsible for transporting and digesting foodstuffs, absorbing nutrients, and expelling waste.

Question 2

oral cavity

Answer 2

he cavity of the mouth

Question 3

hard palate

Answer 3

the bony front part of the palate.

Question 4

soft palate

Answer 4

the fleshy, flexible part toward the back of the roof of the mouth.

Question 5

uvula

Answer 5

a fleshy extension at the back of the soft palate that hangs above the throat.

Question 6

lingual frenulum

Answer 6

is a small fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the underside of the tongue.

Question 7

pharynx

Answer 7

the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus.

Question 8

esophagus

Answer 8

the part of the alimentary canal that connects the throat to the stomach; the gullet. In humans and other vertebrates it is a muscular tube lined with mucous membrane.

Question 9

mucosa

Answer 9

a mucous membrane.

Question 10

submucosa

Answer 10

the layer of areolar connective tissue lying beneath a mucous membrane.

Question 11

muscularis externa

Answer 11

region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa.

Question 12

serosa

Answer 12

the tissue of a serous membrane.

Question 13

visceral peritoneum

Answer 13

the part of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal viscera—compare parietal peritoneum.

Question 14

parietal peritoneum

Answer 14

is that portion that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. Those cavities are also known as the peritoneal cavity.

Question 15

mesentery

Answer 15

fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen.

Question 16

stomach

Answer 16

the internal organ in which the major part of the digestion of food occurs, being (in humans and many mammals) a pear-shaped enlargement of the alimentary canal linking the esophagus to the small intestine.

Question 17

cardioesophageal sphincter

Answer 17

pertaining to the cardia of the stomach and the esophagus, as the cardioesophageal junction or sphincter.

Question 18

pyloric sphincter

Answer 18

is a band of smooth muscle at the junction between the pylorus of the stomach and the duodenum of the small intestine

Question 19

rugae

Answer 19

series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ.

Question 20

greater curvature

Answer 20

the boundary of the stomach that forms a long usually convex curve on the left from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum—compare lesser curvature.

Question 21

lesser curvature

Answer 21

he boundary of the stomach that in humans forms a relatively short concave curve on the right from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum—compare greater curvature.

Question 22

greater omentum

Answer 22

is a large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach.

Question 23

chyme

Answer 23

the pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food.

Question 24

small intestine

Answer 24

the part of the intestine that runs between the stomach and the large intestine; the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum collectively.

Question 25

ileocecal valve

Answer 25

the valve formed by two folds of mucous membrane at the opening of the ileum into the large intestine—called also Bauhin’s valve, ileocolic valve, valvula coli

Question 26

duodenum

Answer 26

the first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach, leading to the jejunu

Question 27

jejunum

Answer 27

the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum

Question 28

ileum

Answer 28

the third portion of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the cecum.

Question 29

pancreatic ducts

Answer 29

the chief duct of the pancreas that runs from left to right through the body of the gland, passes out its neck, and empties into the duodenum either through an opening shared with the common bile duct or through one close to it—called also duct of Wirsung, …

Question 30

bile duct

Answer 30

the duct that conveys bile from the liver and the gallbladder to the duodenum.

Question 31

large intestine

Answer 31

the cecum, colon, and rectum collectively.

Question 32

cecum

Answer 32

a pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines.

Question 33

appendix

Answer 33

a tube-shaped sac attached to and opening into the lower end of the large intestine in humans and some other mammals.

Question 34

Colon

Answer 34

The large intestine, also called the colon or the large bowel, is the last part of the digestive system in vertebrates. Water is absorbed here and the remaining waste material is stored as feces before being removed by defecation.

Question 35

rectum

Answer 35

the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus.

Question 36

anal canal

Answer 36

is the most terminal part of the lower GI tract/large intestine, which lies between the anal verge

Question 37

ascending colon

Answer 37

the first main part of the large intestine, which passes upward from the cecum on the right side of the abdomen.

Question 38

transverse colon

Answer 38

he middle part of the large intestine, passing across the abdomen from right to left below the stomach.

Question 39

descending colon

Answer 39

the part of the large intestine that passes downward on the left side of the abdomen toward the rectum.

Question 40

sigmoid colon

Answer 40

the S-shaped last part of the large intestine, leading into the rectum.

Question 41

liver

Answer 41

large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates, involved in many metabolic processes.

Question 42

gall bladder

Answer 42

the small sac-shaped organ beneath the liver, in which bile is stored after secretion by the liver and before release into the intestine.