Digestive System Flashcards
gastrointestinal tract
organ system responsible for transporting and digesting foodstuffs, absorbing nutrients, and expelling waste.
oral cavity
he cavity of the mouth
hard palate
the bony front part of the palate.
soft palate
the fleshy, flexible part toward the back of the roof of the mouth.
uvula
a fleshy extension at the back of the soft palate that hangs above the throat.
lingual frenulum
is a small fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the underside of the tongue.
pharynx
the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus.
esophagus
the part of the alimentary canal that connects the throat to the stomach; the gullet. In humans and other vertebrates it is a muscular tube lined with mucous membrane.
mucosa
a mucous membrane.
submucosa
the layer of areolar connective tissue lying beneath a mucous membrane.
muscularis externa
region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa.
serosa
the tissue of a serous membrane.
visceral peritoneum
the part of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal viscera—compare parietal peritoneum.
parietal peritoneum
is that portion that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. Those cavities are also known as the peritoneal cavity.
mesentery
fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen.
stomach
the internal organ in which the major part of the digestion of food occurs, being (in humans and many mammals) a pear-shaped enlargement of the alimentary canal linking the esophagus to the small intestine.
cardioesophageal sphincter
pertaining to the cardia of the stomach and the esophagus, as the cardioesophageal junction or sphincter.
pyloric sphincter
is a band of smooth muscle at the junction between the pylorus of the stomach and the duodenum of the small intestine
rugae
series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ.
greater curvature
the boundary of the stomach that forms a long usually convex curve on the left from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum—compare lesser curvature.
lesser curvature
he boundary of the stomach that in humans forms a relatively short concave curve on the right from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum—compare greater curvature.
greater omentum
is a large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach.
chyme
the pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food.
small intestine
the part of the intestine that runs between the stomach and the large intestine; the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum collectively.
ileocecal valve
the valve formed by two folds of mucous membrane at the opening of the ileum into the large intestine—called also Bauhin’s valve, ileocolic valve, valvula coli
duodenum
the first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach, leading to the jejunu
jejunum
the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum
ileum
the third portion of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the cecum.
pancreatic ducts
the chief duct of the pancreas that runs from left to right through the body of the gland, passes out its neck, and empties into the duodenum either through an opening shared with the common bile duct or through one close to it—called also duct of Wirsung, …
bile duct
the duct that conveys bile from the liver and the gallbladder to the duodenum.
large intestine
the cecum, colon, and rectum collectively.
cecum
a pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines.
appendix
a tube-shaped sac attached to and opening into the lower end of the large intestine in humans and some other mammals.
Colon
The large intestine, also called the colon or the large bowel, is the last part of the digestive system in vertebrates. Water is absorbed here and the remaining waste material is stored as feces before being removed by defecation.
rectum
the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus.
anal canal
is the most terminal part of the lower GI tract/large intestine, which lies between the anal verge
ascending colon
the first main part of the large intestine, which passes upward from the cecum on the right side of the abdomen.
transverse colon
he middle part of the large intestine, passing across the abdomen from right to left below the stomach.
descending colon
the part of the large intestine that passes downward on the left side of the abdomen toward the rectum.
sigmoid colon
the S-shaped last part of the large intestine, leading into the rectum.
liver
large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates, involved in many metabolic processes.
gall bladder
the small sac-shaped organ beneath the liver, in which bile is stored after secretion by the liver and before release into the intestine.
