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Anatomy & Physiology > skeletal system: bone A+P > Flashcards

skeletal system: bone A+P Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 main components of the skeletal syst.

A

bones, cartilage, articulations

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2
Q

what is cartilage

A

a connective tissue that provides flexible support

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3
Q

what are articulations

A

joints: the use of connective tissue to hold bones together

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4
Q

what are the general features of cartilage

A

surrounded by the pericardium, a dense irregular connective tissue

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5
Q

what are the 3 kinds of cartilage, explain

A

hyaline: provides durable and flexible support, the most common
elastic: very bendable, only in external ears and epiglottis
fibrocartilage: located where both compression and stretching are necessary

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6
Q

what are the bone functions

A 
body support/structure,
protection,
produces RBC and WBC,
stores minerals
fat storage
hormone production
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7
Q

what are the two locations of bones explain

A

axial skeleton: trunk; ribcage, vertebral column, skull

appendicular skeleton: limbs and girdles; legs, pelvis, arms, shoulders

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8
Q

what are the 4 shapes of bones, examples

A

long bones: humerus
short bones: patella
flat bones: sternum
irregular bones: vertebraes

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9
Q

what is a diaphysis

A

its the longest part of the long bone, very dense and hard, hollow, medullary cavity which creates yellow marrow (fat)

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10
Q

what is an epiphysis

A

the ends of a long bone, made of spongey bone, creates red bone marrow, contains the epiphyseal line, surrounded in articular cartilage

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11
Q

what’s an epiphyseal line

A

allows for longitudinal growth

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12
Q

what is articular cartillage

A

it covers the ends of the epiphysis, its used to lubricate and cushion between bones

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13
Q

what is a perostium

A

tough membrane of connective tissue covering the bone, can be used to connect muscle to bone

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14
Q

what re the 4 main types of bone cells

A
  1. osteoprogenitor cells
  2. osteoblasts
  3. osteocytes
  4. osteoclasts
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15
Q

what is a osteoprogenitor cell

A

they’re stem cells that make other types of bone cells

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16
Q

what are osteoblasts

A

they remove calcium from blood to make bone extracellular matrix allowing for growth

17
Q

what are osteocytes

A

this maintains the extracellular matrix to keep the bone healthy

18
Q

what are osteoclasts

A

they degrade the bone to return calcium to the blood

19
Q

what is the microscopic anatomy feature of a compact bone

A

it’s made of circular osteons

20
Q

what does an osteon include

A
  1. a central canal with blood vessels to bring nutrients and remove waste
  2. ring of extracellular matrix called lamellae
  3. osteocytes they provide the extracellular matrix and act as sensors to detect when there is a physical stress or damage to the bone
21
Q

what is a canaliculi and what does it do

A

it connects osteocytes and allows fluid movement

22
Q

what is the microscopic anatomy feature of a spongy bone

A

contains many thin trabeculae that support the structure and are surrounded by red bone marrow

23
Q

what makes a bone so strong

A

it’s extracellular matrix

24
Q

what are collagen fibers

A

they are in extracellular matrix and they allow the bone to withstand twisting and stretching

25
Q

collagen fivers are surrounded by what

A

calcium phosphate

26
Q

what does calcium phosphate do

A

it makes bones hard , resisting compression

27
Q

when do the osteoclasts break down the bone

A

when it’s not needed or when calcium is required elsewhere

28
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the skeleton

A

Axial and Appendicular

29
Q

what does the Axial skeleton consist of

A

skull, spine, thorax

30
Q

what does the appendicular skeleton consist of

A

upper and lower extremities

31
Q

what are the main bones of the axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

32
Q

what are the bones of the skull

A

frontal, parietal, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible

33
Q

what are the bones of the vertebrae

A

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

34
Q

what are the thorax bones

A

7 true ribs, 3 false ribs, 2 floating ribs

35
Q

what is a true rib

A

connected directly to the sternum by costal cartilage

36
Q

what is a false rib

A

connected to costal cartilage of the 6th and 7th true ribs

37
Q

what is a floating rib

A

not connected to anything on anterior end

38
Q

what are the bones of the upper extremities

A

scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius and ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

39
Q

what are the bones of the lower extremities

A

pelvic girdle, femur, patella, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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