Cells and their organelles Flashcards
what is a cell
the functional units of all living things
what type of cell is prokaryotic
bacteria
what type of cell is eukaryotic
animals, plants, fungi, protozoa
what is a cellular membrane
a thin sheet that surrounds the cell and almost all of its organelles
what is cytoplasm
everything between the plasma membrane that surrounds the cell and nucleus
what is the nucleus
the control center, contains DNA
what is the lipid bilayer
2 layers of phospholipids the hydrophilic heads that face outwards and the hydrophobic tails that hide inside
things embedded in the lipid bilayer
protein, cholesterol(makes membrane impermeable), carbohydrates(sugar coating)
what is a transport protein
what helps the molecules across the membrane
what is a receptor protein
the communication between cells
what is an enzymatic protein
what catalyzes chemical reactions
what is a recognition protein
what identifies the cells
what is an attachment protein
what helps attach cells to other cells/objects
what is a cytoskeleton
a network of protein fibers inside the cell
what are the finger like things that help absorb substances called
microvilli
what are the little hair like things that move substances called
cilia
what are the whip hair like things that help the cell move called
flagella
what are vesicles
hollow membrane “bubbles” that store and transport molecules
what are lysosomes
special vesicles that help break down and recycle the molecules that they
“swallow”
what is mitochondria
produces most of the cells energy, ATP
what is hydrophilic
likes / attracted to water
what is hydrophobic
hates water
