Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology > Cardiovascular + Respiratory Systems > Flashcards

Cardiovascular + Respiratory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main organs of the cardiovascular system

A

Heart and blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three functions of the cardiovascular system

A

Regulation, protection and transportation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is being transported in the cardiovascular system

A

O2, CO2, minerals, waste, hormones, glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What regulations are being held in the cardiovascular system

A

Temperature, PH, fluid volume, blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is being protected in the cardiovascular system

A

Blood loss and infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the specific role of the heart

A

Pumps blood around the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the specific role of the blood vessels

A

Tubes carrying the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What tubes carry blood

A

Arteries and arterioles, veins and venules, capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What tubes carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries and arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What tubes carry blood towards the heart

A

Veins and venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does most diffusion of nutrients take place

A

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of blood

A

Transport, regulation, protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is pulmonary circulation

A

Blood travelling to and from the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the direction of blood flow in the pulmonary circulation

A

Heart to arteries to lungs to veins to heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is systemic circulation

A

Blood travelling to everywhere in the body besides the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Direction of blood flow in the systemic circulation

A

Heart to aorta to superior and inferior body parts to vena cava to heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What body cavity is the heart in

A

Thoracic mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the blood vessels in the pulmonary circuit

A

Veins and arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the blood vessels in the systemic circuit

A

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the blood vessels In the cardiac circulation

A

Arteries and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is myocardial infarction

A

A blockage in the coronary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is happening during a myocardial infraction

A

The cells are not getting enough oxygen and nutrients they begin to die which means the heart can no longer efficiently pump blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the pericardium

A

It’s what surrounds the heart, it’s made of two serous membranes (visceral and parietal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do the pericardium serous membranes do

A

They reduce friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the four chambers in the heart

A

Right and left atrium and right and left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the atrium for

A

Receiving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the ventricle for

A

Discharging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where is the atrium pump blood

A

To the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where do the ventricles pump blood

A

To the lungs and the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where is the atrioventricular valves found

A

Separates the Atrium from the ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What atrioventricular valve separates left atrium from the left ventricle

A

Bicuspid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What atrioventricular valve separates right atrium from right ventricle

A

Tricuspid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How are the atrioventricular valves attached to the heart

A

Uses chordae tendinae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Where are the semi lunar valves found

A

Separating the ventricle from the aorta and the ventricle from the artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which semi lunar valve separates left ventricle from aorta

A

Aortic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which semilunar valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery

A

Pulmonary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the heart walls made up of

A

Muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The atria’s are separated by what septum

A

Interatrial septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The ventricles are separated by what septum

A

The interventricular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the contraction of the heart called

A

Systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the relaxation of a heart called

A

Diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the four steps of a heartbeat

A
  1. Ventricular filling
  2. Isovolumetric contraction
  3. Ventricular ejection
  4. Isovolumetric relaxation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What happens during ventricular filling (step 1)

A

Starts with all the chambers relaxed, The atriums receive blood Then the blood is pumped into the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What happens during isovolumetric contraction (step 2)

A

Ventricles are beginning to contract, All valves are closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is happening during ventricular ejection (step 3)

A

Contraction of the ventricles pumps blood into the lungs and the body, at the same time the atriums relax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is stroke volume

A

The volume of blood ejected from the ventricles during each beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is cardiac output

A

The volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is happening during isovolumetric relaxation (step 4)

A

The ventricles begin to relax and the heart is ready to start the next cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the role of heart valves

A

They prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What are heart murmurs

A

Abnormal sounds heard in the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What does the swishing sound mean after the beat

A

Means the blood flows backwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What does the swishing sound before the beat mean

A

The valves don’t open completely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the order in which blood flows through blood vessels

A

Arteries to arterioles to capillaries to venules to veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What do arteries do

A

Transport large volumes of blood under high pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What do arterioles do

A

Control circulation of blood to tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What do capillaries do

A

Transport small volumes of blood close to cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What do venules do

A

Receive nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What do veins do

A

Transport large volumes of blood under low pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What are similarities between arteries and veins

A

They both have three layers, Those three layers are all made the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What are differences between arteries and veins

A

The arteries tunica media is thicker and veins have a one-way valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What are the three layers of arteries and veins in order

A

Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What is arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries, reduces blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

How is arteriosclerosis caused

A

Buildup of fatty deposits causing the walls to become calcified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What Is total peripheral resistance

A

How much the blood vessels resist the flow of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What is being nourished by Capillery beds

A

Tissues and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What is the function of capillaries

A

Nutrient exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What is the blood flow in capillary beds controlled by

A

Arterioles and precapillary sphincters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Dilation of arterioles will do what to the Capillery bits

A

They will allow and block blood from entering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

When precapillary sphincters contracts they do what

A

Blocking blood flow into the capillary beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

When your body wants to lose heat what is happening

A

The precapillary sphincters open to allow blood into the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What are the precapillary sphincters doing when your body wants to conserve heat

A

The precapillary sphincter is close to prevent blood from entering the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What are the three receptors in the blood vessels

A

Chemoreceptors (chemicals), barroreceptors (pressure), Thermoreceptors (temp)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What are the two major factors that influence blood pressure

A

Toto peripheral resistance and cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

When cardiac output is increased blood pressure is

A

Increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

When total peripheral resistance is decrease the blood pressure is

A

Decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

what is an intrinsic conduction system

A

it’s the system that uses SA and AV nodes, AV bundle and purkinje fibers. this system is the pacemaker of the heart and can also be modified by the brain, this system sends signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

what is an extrinsic conduction system

A

this is the system that uses the medulla oblongata, the vagus nerves and the sympathetic nerves. this system modifies

78
Q

what is an SA node

A

the pacemaker, sends the signals

79
Q

what is the AV node

A

sends the signals to the atrium and ventricles

80
Q

what are purkinje fibers

A

the generation of heart impulses

81
Q

What is the medulla oblongta

A

This is the control center in the brain which is able to adjust heart rate

82
Q

What is the vagus nerve

A

The nerve that decreases heart rate

83
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve

A

This nerve increases heart rate

84
Q

What are the steps of electrical conduction in the heart

A
  1. SA node generates the electrical signal
  2. the signal spreads through the muscle of both atria causing them to contract
  3. the signals reach the AV node and then sending them through the AV bundle an the purkinje fibers this is required for the ventricles to depolarize
  4. The signals are carried through the muscle of the ventricles causing the ventricles to contract
85
Q

what is depolarization

A

It’s the signals being sent right before a contraction

86
Q

What is a repolarization

A

It’s the signals being sent right before a relaxation

87
Q

What is the P wave

A

It’s the depolarization of the atrium

88
Q

What’s the QRS complex

A

It’s the depolarization of the ventricles

89
Q

what is the T wave

A

It’s the repolarization of the ventricles

90
Q

Why can’t you see the repolarization of the atrium on an ECG

A

Because it’s hidden and happening at the same time as the QRS complex

91
Q

Why does the depolarization / repolarization happen slightly before the contraction / relaxation

A

Because the depolarization repolarization is when waves are being sent, those waves need time to spread out and allow the atriums/ ventricles to respond, which causes the delay

92
Q

What is cardiac dysrhythmias

A

it’s the abnormal heart rhythms that can be caused by different conditions

93
Q

what is bradycardia

A

it’s a slow heart rhythm (less than 60bpm)

94
Q

what causes bradycardia

A

malfunctioning of the nervous system controls or damaged SA node

95
Q

what is tachycardia

A

fast heart rhythm (more than 100bpm)

96
Q

what causes tachycardia

A 
malfunctioning nervous system control,
blood loss,
shock,
fever,
drugs
97
Q

what is fibrillation

A

when the heart doesn’t pump blood effectively, cardiac muscles twitch and spasm rather than contracting

98
Q

what are the two types of fibrillation

A

a trio fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation

99
Q

how do you treat fibrillation

A

it’s treated by defibrillation

100
Q

what is the blood composed of

A

a liquid called plasma and many cells and pieces of cells called formed elements which are in the plasma

101
Q

how much percent of blood is considered plasma

A

55%

102
Q

how much percent of blood is considered formed elements

A

45%

103
Q

what are the 3 components of plasma

A

water, protein and other solutes

104
Q

what does the water in plasma do

A

it’s the perfect solvent capable of dissolving many different molecules

105
Q

what does the 3 different types of protein in plasma do

A

Albumin: keeps water in the blood,
Globulins: includes antibodies to protect from infection,
fibrogen + prothrombin: for blood clotting

106
Q

what do the other solutes in plasma do

A

there are a few like sugars, hormones, blood O2, blood CO2, electrolytes, etc. the electrolytes help maintain plasma osmotic pressure + normal blood pH

107
Q

what are the 3 kinds of formed elements

A

RBC (erythrocytes), WBC (leukocytes) and platelets ( thrombocytes)

108
Q

what is the function of RBC

A

they bring O2 to the cells to make ATP, and they bring CO2 away from the cells as waste. they both bind to hemoglobin

109
Q

what is the function of WBC

A

there are 5 different types and each one either helps, prevents, or destroys pathogens in the body

110
Q

what is the function of platelets

A

they are used for blood clotting to maintain homeostasis by limiting blood loss when injuries to blood vessels occur

111
Q

what is hematopoiesis

A

the formation of new blood cells

112
Q

in which tissue does the hematopoiesis of RBC and granular WBC happen

A

myeloid tissue (found in flat bones)

113
Q

in which tissue does the hematopoiesis of non granular WBC happen

A

lymphatic tissue (found in thymus gland, spleen, lymph nodes)

114
Q

what is the important equation

A

CO2 + H2O ⇄ H2CO3 ⇄ HCO3⁻ + H⁺

115
Q

when O2 binds to hemoglobin it creates what

A

oxyhemoglobin

116
Q

when CO2 binds to hemoglobin it creates what

A

carbaminohemoglobin

117
Q

what are the 2 major conditions involving RBC’s and explain

A

polycythemia: too many RBC produced
anemia: a decrease in the bloods ability to carry O2

118
Q

what are the 3 steps of hemostasis

A
  1. vascular spasm
  2. formation of platelet plug
  3. coagulation
119
Q

what is the process of vascular spasm

A
  1. a blood vessel is damaged
  2. blood begins to leak
  3. smooth muscle of the artery contracts, causing vasodialation
  4. less blood flows to the injury
120
Q

what is the process of formation of platelet plug

A
  1. the first platelets arrive to stick to exposed collagen from damaged tissue
  2. platelets secrete ADP, thromboxane A2, and serotonin
  3. more platelets stick to the damaged tissue and vascular spasm increases
  4. enough platelets are stuck to physically block the blood from leaking out
121
Q

what is the process of coagulation

A
  1. prothrombin activator is released by trapped platelets and created by clotting factors combining with each other
  2. prothrombin activator combines with calcium
  3. prothrombin is converted to thrombin by prothrombin activator
  4. thrombin cleaves fibrinogen itno fibrin
  5. fibrin forms a net, trapping RBC + WBC, further sealing injury
122
Q

what are the 3 clotting dissorders

A

thrombosis, embolism, hemophilia

123
Q

what is thrombosis

A

when a clot forms in an uninjured blood vessel

124
Q

what is embolism

A

when a clot forms in an uninjured blood vessel but travels

125
Q

what is hemophilia

A

a genetic disorder where you can’t form clots properly

126
Q

what is pulmonary ventilation (breathing)

A

it’s with inspiration and expiration, inspiration brings air from the atmosphere into the lungs and expiration moves air from lungs to the atmosphere

127
Q

what is external respiration

A

gas exchange between lungs and blood, O2 to blood, CO2 to air

128
Q

what are the two main tracts of the resp system

A

upper and lower resp tract

129
Q

the upper resp tract consists of

A

Nose, Nasal cavity, Pharynx

130
Q

the lower resp tract consists of

A

larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs

131
Q

what is the main function of the resp system

A

gas exchange between air and lungs

132
Q

what are other functions of the resp system

A

regulation of ph, smell, speech

133
Q

what is resp mucosa

A

a mucous membrane, ciliated pseudo stratified epithelium that secretes a mucous blanket that covers all the airways to purify the air

134
Q

what is the main functions of the nose and nasal cavitys

A

filtration, warming, humidification

135
Q

the pharynx is divided into 3 parts what are they

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

136
Q

what is the function of the pharynx

A

passage of air to larynx and lungs, food to esophogus and stomach

137
Q

what is the function of the larynx

A

produce sound and speech

138
Q

what is the trachea

A

its the tube going from the larynx to the bronchi in the thoracic cavity, its the widest airway

139
Q

what are the layers of the trachea

A
  1. layer of fibrous connective tissue
  2. rings of cartilage keeping it open
  3. layer of smooth muscle
  4. resp mucosa
140
Q

what is a visceral pleura

A

pleural layer that covers the outside of the lungs

141
Q

what is the parietal pleura

A

pleural layer lines the thoracic cavity around the lungs

142
Q

what are the alveoli

A

the end of the bronchi where gas exchange happens

143
Q

what is the resp membrane

A

its where the gas exchange occurs in the alveoli

144
Q

each alveolus is covered in what and what does that do

A

it’s covered in a surfactants which reduces surface tension and prevents the alveoli from collapsing

145
Q

if the volume is ___ the pressure will be ___

A

small volume= low pressure

high volume= high pressure

146
Q

what is respiration

A

the exchange in gasses

147
Q

what is ventilation

A

the movement of air in and out of lungs

148
Q

what are the two muscles required for ventilation

A

the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

149
Q

what is the process of inspiration

A
  1. diaphragm and intercostal muscles contracts
  2. volume of thoracic cavity increases, decreasing the gas pressure
  3. air goes in lungs until pressure is equalized
150
Q

what is the process of expiration

A
  1. diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
  2. elastic tissues of lungs and pleura recoli, volume of thoracic cavity decreases, increasing the gas pressure
  3. air goes out lungs until pressure is equalized
151
Q

there is 2 types of respiration what are they

A

gasses moving between air and blood or gasses moving between blood and cells

152
Q

there are 2 ways that O2 gets transported what are they

A

dissolving into the plasma and combining with hemoglobin (most of O2)

153
Q

CO2 has 3 ways of getting transported what are they

A

dissolving into the plasma, combining to hemoglobin, as bicarbonate ions

154
Q

what is coronary circulation

A

the functional blood supply of the heart

155
Q

where are barroreceptors located

A

carotid sinuses and aortic arch

156
Q

where are chemoreceptors located

A

in the brain

157
Q

where are thermoreceptors located

A

in the skin

158
Q

why are arteries better for controlling BP

A

because they have a thicker tunica media which means more elastic connective tissue, arteries can vasodilate/vasoconstrict means the smooth muscle is dilating, constricting

159
Q

what are the 2 organs that keep BP at homeostasis

A

the heart and arteries/ arterioles, the heart decreases sympathetic impulses causing decrease in HR, decreased contractility and decreased cardiac output, and the arteries/ arterioles vasodilate/constrict changing the BP to where it needs to be

160
Q

what is atherosclerosis

A

an artery disorder which is the hardening of arteries due to build up of fatty deposits causing walls to be calcified

161
Q

what is myocardial infarction

A

a blockage of the artery making cells deprived of O2 and nutrients

162
Q

what is the pressure gradients for inspired air

A

PO2 160

PCO2 0.3

163
Q

what is the pressure gradients inside alveoli

A

PO2 104

PCO2 40

164
Q

what is the pressure gradients in systemic veins

A

PO2 40

PCO2 45

165
Q

what is the pressure gradients in systemic arteries

A

PO2 100

PCO2 40

166
Q

what is the pressure gradients inside tissue

A

PO2 40

PCO2 45

167
Q

what can influence the rhythm of ventilation

A
  1. stretch receptors in lungs
  2. peripheral chemoreceptors (around the body) and central receptors(in the brain)
  3. pontine resp. group (PRG) (under the brain)
  4. cerebral motor cortex (in the brain)
168
Q

what do stretch receptors do

A

detect when the lung tissue is stretched by being filled with air

169
Q

what do peripheral chemoreceptors and central receptors do

A

detect PO2, PCO2 and arterial pH

170
Q

what do pontine resp. group (PRG) do

A

smooths transitions between inspiration and expiration

171
Q

what does the cerebral motor cortex do

A

(voluntary) control the increase and decrease ventilation rate (holding breath/ breathing faster

172
Q

what is eupnea

A

normal breathing

173
Q

what is dyspnea

A

shortness of breath

174
Q

what is hyperventilation

A

deep breaths taken at a fast rate

175
Q

what is hypoventilation

A

shallow breaths taken at a slow rate

176
Q

what is apnea

A

when breathing stops for a brief minute

177
Q

what is respiratory distress

A

when the body can’t inflate the alveoli normally

178
Q

what is respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

A

respiratory distress often caused my lack of surfactant, causing the alveoli to collapse upon expiration

179
Q

what is infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

A

RDS in a baby born prematurely (before 37 weeks) this is the inability to make surfactant

180
Q

what is adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

RDS in an adult, when something is removing the surfactant like an inhaled substance

181
Q

what is atelectasis

A

when the lung can’t re-inflate, caused by substances getting stuck between the visceral + parietal pleural membranes, this puts increased pressure on the lungs, causing them to not inflate properly + collapse

182
Q

what is pneumothorax

A

air getting stuck in the pleural space caused by a puncture wound

183
Q

how are lower resp tract infections caused

A

by an infection with the microorganisms, resulting in inflammation + excess mucus production

184
Q

what is bronchitis

A

an inflammation of the bronchi due to infection

185
Q

what is pneumonia

A

a rapid, severe inflammation of the lungs, caused by streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, the alveoli become plugged w/ exudate

186
Q

what is chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders (COPD)

A

this is an obstructive pulmonary disorder that doesn’t go away it’s stuck for life

187
Q

what is obstructive pulmonary disorder

A

shortness of breath due to difficulty exhaling all air from lungs

188
Q

what is asthma

A

caused by irritants + allergens found in air,
causes muscle spasms in the bronchi + bronchioles,
the spasms irritate the mucous membrane -> inflammation,
results in edema + mucous production, obstructing airways

189
Q

what is chronic bronchitis

A

bronchitis that doesn’t go away

190
Q

what is emphysema

A

caused when air is repeatedly trapped in the alveoli by mucous, this leads to the alveoli forming together to create a big air sac, diffusion of gasses becomes difficult + takes longer

Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions