Skeletal System And Joints

Question 1

It produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

Answer 1

Red bone marrow

Question 2

are stored primarily in adipose tissue, which is made up of fat cells (adipocytes).

Answer 2

Triglycerides

Question 3

Consist mainly of adipose cells which store triglycerides

Answer 3

Yellow bone marrow

Question 4

This type of bone have greater length than width

Answer 4

Long bones

Question 5

This type of bone consist of a shaft and a variable number of ends

Answer 5

Long bones

Question 6

This bone is usually somewhat curved for strength

Answer 6

Long bones

Question 7

This bone is somewhat cube-shaped and nearly equal in length and width

Answer 7

Short bones

Question 8

These bones are generally thin, afford considerable protection, and provide extensive surfaces for muscle attachment

Answer 8

Flat bones

Question 9

These bones have complex shapes

Answer 9

Irregular bones

Question 10

Part of bone that contains red bone marrow

Answer 10

Spongy bone

Question 11

Part in bone that contains yellow bone marrow

Answer 11

Medullary cavity

Question 12

bone formation: bone is formed within the bone

Answer 12

Intramembranous ossification

Question 13

Bone formation: the cartilage will become a bone

Answer 13

Endochondral ossification

Question 14

Endochondral ossification starts with what cartilage

Answer 14

Hyaline cartilage

Question 15

It is any break in a bone

Answer 15

Fracture

Question 16

Four types of fracture

Answer 16

Partial, complete, open, closed

Question 17

It has the ability to alter its strength in response to mechanical stress

Answer 17

Bone tissue

Question 18

When placed under stress bone tissue become stronger through _______ deposition of mineral salts and production of collagen fibers

Answer 18

Increased

Question 19

It is to breakdown of bone matrix

Answer 19

Resorption

Question 20

Without _______, bone does not remodel normally because _____ outpaces bone formation

Answer 20

Mechanical stress; resorption

Question 21

This minerals make the bone extracellular matrix hard

Answer 21

Calcium and phosphorus

Question 22

This type of mineral helps form bone extracellular matrix

Answer 22

Magnesium

Question 23

This type of mineral helps strengthen bone extracellular matrix

Answer 23

Fluoride

Question 24

This type of mineral activates enzymes involved in synthesis of bone extracellular matrix

Answer 24

Manganese

Question 25

This type of vitamin is needed for activity of osteoblast during remodeling of bone

Answer 25

Vitamin a

Question 26

This type of vitamin is needed for synthesis of collagen. The deficiency of this type of vitamin results to decrease collagen production which slows down bone growth and delays repair of broken bones

Answer 26

Vitamin c

Question 27

These vitamins are needed for synthesis of bone proteins. The deficiency of these vitamins leads to abnormal protein production in bone extracellular matrix and decreased bone density

Answer 27

Vitamins K and B12

Question 28

This hormone is secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland and promotes general growth of all body tissues including bone, mainly by stimulating production of insulin-like growth factors

Answer 28

Human Growth Hormone (hGH)

Question 29

It is secreted by liver, bones and other tissues on stimulation by human growth hormone and promotes normal bone growth by stimulating osteoplast and by increasing synthesis of proteins needed to build new bone

Answer 29

Insulinlike growth factors (IGFs)

Question 30

This hormone is secreted by thyroid gland and promote normal bone growth by stimulating osteoblast

Answer 30

Thyroid hormones

Question 31

It is secreted by pancreas and promotes normal bone growth by increasing synthesis of bone proteins

Answer 31

Insulin

Question 32

This hormone is secreted by ovaries in women (estrogen) and by testes in men (testosterone). It stimulates osteooblast and promotes the sudden "growth spurt" that occurs during the teenage years

Answer 32

Sex hormones ( estrogen and testosterone)

Question 33

This hormone is secreted by parathyroid glands and promotes bone resorption by osteoclast. It enhances recovery of calcium ions from urine and promotes formation of active form of vitamin d

Answer 33

Parathyroid hormone

Question 34

It is secreted by thyroid gland and inhibits bone resorption by osteoclast

Answer 34

Calcitonin

Question 35

Weight bearing activities stimulates osteoblast and, consequently, help build thicker, stronger bones and retard loss of bone mass that occurs as people age

Answer 35

Exercise

Question 36

What are the divisions of the skeletal system. And how many bones in each divisions?

Answer 36

Axial (80) - protect important organs in the body Appendicular Skeleton (126)- appendiges; help in movement

Question 37

This fontanel is located between the two parietal bones and the frontal bone

Answer 37

Anterior

Question 38

This fontanel is located between the two parietal bones and the occipital bone

Answer 38

Posterior

Question 39

This fontanel is located in one on each side of the skull between the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones

Answer 39

Anterolateral

Question 40

This fontanelle is located in one on each side of the skull between the parietal, occipital, and temporal bones

Answer 40

Posterolateral

Question 41

Comparison of the pelvis in females and males in terms of its general structure

Answer 41

Female: light and thin Male: heavy and thick

Question 42

Comparison of the pelvis in females and males in terms of its false pelvis

Answer 42

Female: shallow Male: deep

Question 43

Comparison of female and male skeletons in terms of its pelvic inlet

Answer 43

Female: larger and more oval Male: smaller and heart-shaped

Question 44

Comparison of female and male pelvis in terms of its pubic arch

Answer 44

Female: greater than 90° angle Male: less than 90° angle

Question 45

It is a point of contact between bones, between cartilage and bones, or between teeth and bone

Answer 45

Joint

Question 46

It is the scientific study of joints

Answer 46

Arthrology

Question 47

It is the study of motion of the human body

Answer 47

Kinesiology

Question 48

A joints ______ determines its combination of strength and flexibility

Answer 48

Structure

Question 49

What are the classification of joints in terms of its function

Answer 49

Synarthrosis (immovable joint), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), diarthrosis (freely movable)

Question 50

Classification of joints based on its structure

Answer 50

Fibrous joints - no synovial cavity and bones are held together by dense irregular connective tissue Cartilaginous joints - no synovial cavity and the bones are held together by cartilage Synovial Joint - united by the dense irregular connective tissue of an articular capsule and often by ligaments

Question 51

It is the space between the articulating bones in a synovial joint, filled with synovial fluid. This fluid lubricates the joint and reduces friction.

Answer 51

Synovial cavity

Question 52

This type of joint permit little or no movement

Answer 52

Fibrous joints

Question 53

Joint permits limited movement

Answer 53

Syndesmosis

Question 54

Fibrous joints that may be a slightly movable or immovable (found between skull bones)

Answer 54

Suture

Question 55

Fibrous joint that permits slight movement (between the radius and ulna and tibia and fibula)

Answer 55

Interosseous membranes

Question 56

What are the three types of fibrous joints

Answer 56

Syndesmosis, suture, interosseous membranes

Question 57

In this type of joint, the calculating bones are tightly connected by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage; little or no movement

Answer 57

Cartilaginous joints

Question 58

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 58

Synchondrosis (immovable joint) and symphysis (slightly movable joint)

Question 59

This cavity allows a joint to be freely movable

Answer 59

Synovial cavity

Question 60

The synovial membrane secretes ____, which forms a thin, viscous film over the surfaces within the articular capsule

Answer 60

Synovial fluid

Question 61

Are saclike structure that reduces friction in joints such as the shoulder and knee joints

Answer 61

Bursae

Question 62

What are the types of movements at synovial joints

Answer 62

Gliding, angular movements, rotation, special movements

Question 63

It is a simple movement, the nearly flat surfaces of bones move back and forth and side to side

Answer 63

Gliding

Question 64

This movement happens when there is an increase or decrease in the angle between bones

Answer 64

Angular movements

Question 65

This movement happens when a bone moves around its own longitudinal axis

Answer 65

Rotation

Question 66

This movement occur only at certain joints in the body

Answer 66

Special movement