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AnaPhy Prelims > Skeletal System And Joints > Flashcards

Skeletal System And Joints Flashcards

1
Q

It produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

A

Red bone marrow

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2
Q

are stored primarily in adipose tissue, which is made up of fat cells (adipocytes).

A

Triglycerides

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3
Q

Consist mainly of adipose cells which store triglycerides

A

Yellow bone marrow

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4
Q

This type of bone have greater length than width

A

Long bones

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5
Q

This type of bone consist of a shaft and a variable number of ends

A

Long bones

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6
Q

This bone is usually somewhat curved for strength

A

Long bones

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7
Q

This bone is somewhat cube-shaped and nearly equal in length and width

A

Short bones

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8
Q

These bones are generally thin, afford considerable protection, and provide extensive surfaces for muscle attachment

A

Flat bones

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9
Q

These bones have complex shapes

A

Irregular bones

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10
Q

Part of bone that contains red bone marrow

A

Spongy bone

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11
Q

Part in bone that contains yellow bone marrow

A

Medullary cavity

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12
Q

bone formation: bone is formed within the bone

A

Intramembranous ossification

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13
Q

Bone formation: the cartilage will become a bone

A

Endochondral ossification

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14
Q

Endochondral ossification starts with what cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage

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15
Q

It is any break in a bone

A

Fracture

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16
Q

Four types of fracture

A

Partial, complete, open, closed

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17
Q

It has the ability to alter its strength in response to mechanical stress

A

Bone tissue

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18
Q

When placed under stress bone tissue become stronger through _______ deposition of mineral salts and production of collagen fibers

A

Increased

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19
Q

It is to breakdown of bone matrix

A

Resorption

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20
Q

Without _______, bone does not remodel normally because _____ outpaces bone formation

A

Mechanical stress; resorption

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21
Q

This minerals make the bone extracellular matrix hard

A

Calcium and phosphorus

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22
Q

This type of mineral helps form bone extracellular matrix

A

Magnesium

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23
Q

This type of mineral helps strengthen bone extracellular matrix

A

Fluoride

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24
Q

This type of mineral activates enzymes involved in synthesis of bone extracellular matrix

A

Manganese

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25
Q

This type of vitamin is needed for activity of osteoblast during remodeling of bone

A

Vitamin a

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26
Q

This type of vitamin is needed for synthesis of collagen. The deficiency of this type of vitamin results to decrease collagen production which slows down bone growth and delays repair of broken bones

A

Vitamin c

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27
Q

These vitamins are needed for synthesis of bone proteins. The deficiency of these vitamins leads to abnormal protein production in bone extracellular matrix and decreased bone density

A

Vitamins K and B12

28
Q

This hormone is secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland and promotes general growth of all body tissues including bone, mainly by stimulating production of insulin-like growth factors

A

Human Growth Hormone (hGH)

29
Q

It is secreted by liver, bones and other tissues on stimulation by human growth hormone and promotes normal bone growth by stimulating osteoplast and by increasing synthesis of proteins needed to build new bone

A

Insulinlike growth factors (IGFs)

30
Q

This hormone is secreted by thyroid gland and promote normal bone growth by stimulating osteoblast

A

Thyroid hormones

31
Q

It is secreted by pancreas and promotes normal bone growth by increasing synthesis of bone proteins

A

Insulin

32
Q

This hormone is secreted by ovaries in women (estrogen) and by testes in men (testosterone). It stimulates osteooblast and promotes the sudden “growth spurt” that occurs during the teenage years

A

Sex hormones ( estrogen and testosterone)

33
Q

This hormone is secreted by parathyroid glands and promotes bone resorption by osteoclast. It enhances recovery of calcium ions from urine and promotes formation of active form of vitamin d

A

Parathyroid hormone

34
Q

It is secreted by thyroid gland and inhibits bone resorption by osteoclast

A

Calcitonin

35
Q

Weight bearing activities stimulates osteoblast and, consequently, help build thicker, stronger bones and retard loss of bone mass that occurs as people age

A

Exercise

36
Q

What are the divisions of the skeletal system. And how many bones in each divisions?

A

Axial (80) - protect important organs in the body

Appendicular Skeleton (126)- appendiges; help in movement

37
Q

This fontanel is located between the two parietal bones and the frontal bone

A

Anterior

38
Q

This fontanel is located between the two parietal bones and the occipital bone

A

Posterior

39
Q

This fontanel is located in one on each side of the skull between the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones

A

Anterolateral

40
Q

This fontanelle is located in one on each side of the skull between the parietal, occipital, and temporal bones

A

Posterolateral

41
Q

Comparison of the pelvis in females and males in terms of its general structure

A

Female: light and thin
Male: heavy and thick

42
Q

Comparison of the pelvis in females and males in terms of its false pelvis

A

Female: shallow
Male: deep

43
Q

Comparison of female and male skeletons in terms of its pelvic inlet

A

Female: larger and more oval
Male: smaller and heart-shaped

44
Q

Comparison of female and male pelvis in terms of its pubic arch

A

Female: greater than 90° angle
Male: less than 90° angle

45
Q

It is a point of contact between bones, between cartilage and bones, or between teeth and bone

A

Joint

46
Q

It is the scientific study of joints

A

Arthrology

47
Q

It is the study of motion of the human body

A

Kinesiology

48
Q

A joints ______ determines its combination of strength and flexibility

A

Structure

49
Q

What are the classification of joints in terms of its function

A

Synarthrosis (immovable joint), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), diarthrosis (freely movable)

50
Q

Classification of joints based on its structure

A

Fibrous joints - no synovial cavity and bones are held together by dense irregular connective tissue

Cartilaginous joints - no synovial cavity and the bones are held together by cartilage

Synovial Joint - united by the dense irregular connective tissue of an articular capsule and often by ligaments

51
Q

It is the space between the articulating bones in a synovial joint, filled with synovial fluid. This fluid lubricates the joint and reduces friction.

A

Synovial cavity

52
Q

This type of joint permit little or no movement

A

Fibrous joints

53
Q

Joint permits limited movement

A

Syndesmosis

54
Q

Fibrous joints that may be a slightly movable or immovable (found between skull bones)

A

Suture

55
Q

Fibrous joint that permits slight movement (between the radius and ulna and tibia and fibula)

A

Interosseous membranes

56
Q

What are the three types of fibrous joints

A

Syndesmosis, suture, interosseous membranes

57
Q

In this type of joint, the calculating bones are tightly connected by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage; little or no movement

A

Cartilaginous joints

58
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondrosis (immovable joint) and symphysis (slightly movable joint)

59
Q

This cavity allows a joint to be freely movable

A

Synovial cavity

60
Q

The synovial membrane secretes ____, which forms a thin, viscous film over the surfaces within the articular capsule

A

Synovial fluid

61
Q

Are saclike structure that reduces friction in joints such as the shoulder and knee joints

A

Bursae

62
Q

What are the types of movements at synovial joints

A

Gliding, angular movements, rotation, special movements

63
Q

It is a simple movement, the nearly flat surfaces of bones move back and forth and side to side

A

Gliding

64
Q

This movement happens when there is an increase or decrease in the angle between bones

A

Angular movements

65
Q

This movement happens when a bone moves around its own longitudinal axis

A

Rotation

66
Q

This movement occur only at certain joints in the body

A

Special movement

AnaPhy Prelims (6 decks)

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