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AnaPhy Prelims > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main parts of the cell

A

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

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2
Q

It forms a cell’s flexible outer surface, separating the cell’s internal environment from its its external environment.

A

Plasma membrane

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3
Q

It regulates the flow of materials into and out of a cell

A

Plasma membrane

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4
Q

It is consist of all cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

What are the two components of cytoplasm

A

Cytosol and organelles

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6
Q

Is the liquid portion of cytoplasm that consist mostly of water + dissolved solutes and suspended particles

A

Cytosol

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7
Q

It is the largest organelle of a cell

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

It has two two tail-to-tail layers made up of three types of lipid molecules

A

Lipid bilayer

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9
Q

These are the three types of lipid molecules in a lipid bilayer

A

Phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipid

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10
Q

It plays a key role in communication among cells and between cells and their external environment

A

Plasma membrane

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11
Q

What are the two types of proteins in the plasma membrane

A

Integral and peripheral

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12
Q

A type of protein that extend through the lipid bilayer

A

Integral

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13
Q

It allows small and medium size water-soluble materials to cross the membrane

A

Integral

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14
Q

It is loosely attached to the exterior or interior surface of the membrane

A

Peripheral

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15
Q

The plasma membrane allows some substances to move in into and out of the cell but restricts the passage of other substances. What do you call this property of membrane?

A

Selectively permeable

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16
Q

The lipid bilayer is permeable to _____ and to ______ molecules

A

Water; lipid-soluble

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17
Q

It is a glucose attached to a lipid

A

Glycolipid

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18
Q

It is a glucose attached to a protein

A

Glycoprotein

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19
Q

The phospholipid bilayer is divided into two layers of phospholipids. What are these?

A

Hydrophilic layer (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) layer

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20
Q

It is the fluid in body cells

A

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

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21
Q

It is the fluid outside cells

A

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

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22
Q

It is the extracellular fluid in blood vessels

A

Blood plasma

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23
Q

It is the extracellular fluid between cells in tissues

A

Interstitial fluid

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24
Q

It is the extracellular fluid in lymphatic vessels

A

Lymph

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25
It is a clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
26
It is any material dissolved in a fluid
Solute
27
It is a fluid that dissolves materials
Solvent
28
These are the two methods for substances to move across the plasma membrane
Passive processes and active processes
29
Substance moves _down_ its concentration gradient through the membrane, using only its own energy of motion (kinetic energy) Ex: simple diffusion and osmosis
Passive processes
30
It requires cellular energy and is usually in the form of ATP, which is used to "push" the substance through the membrane _uphill_ against its concentration gradient Ex. Active transport
Active processes
31
What are the two types of passive processes
Diffusion and osmosis
32
It is a movement of a substance by kinetic energy down a concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached
Diffusion
33
It is the passive movement of a substance through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane
Simple diffusion
34
It is the passive movement of a substance down its concentration gradient aided by ion channels and carriers
Facilitated diffusion
35
It is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
Osmosis
36
It is the movement of substances against a concentration gradient and _requires cellular energy in the form of ATP_
Active processes
37
What is the difference between passive processes and active processes
Active processes require cellular energy in the form of atp
38
Is the movement of substances into or out of a cell _in vesicles_ that bud from the plasma membrane; requires energy supplied by atp
Transport in vesicles
39
It is the transport in which cell expense energy to move a substance across the membrane against its concentration gradient aided by membrane proteins that _act as pumps;_ disintegral membrane proteins use energy supplied by ATP
Active transport
40
It is the movement of substances into a cell and vesicles
Endocytosis
41
What are the two types of endocytosis
Phagocytosis (cell-eating) and bulk-phase endocytosis (cell-drinking)
42
It is the movement of extracellular fluid into a cell by in folding of plasma membrane
Bulk-phase endocytosis
43
It is the movement of a solid particle into a cell after pseudopods and engulf it
Phagocytosis
44
What are the examples of phagocytosis
Bacteria, viruses, and aged or dead cells
45
It is the movement of substances out of a cell in _secretory vesicles_ that fuse with the plasma membrane and _release their contents into the extracellular fluid_
Exocytosis
46
It consists of all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and nucleus, including cytosol and organelles
Cytoplasm
47
Site of all intracellular activities except those occurring in the nucleus
Cytoplasm
48
Composed of water, solutes, suspended particles, lipid droplets, and glycogen granules
Cytosol
49
It is a network in the cytoplasm composed of three protein filaments: microfilament, intermediate filament, and microtubules
Cytoskeleton
50
It maintains the shape and general organization of cellular contents and is responsible for cell movements
Cytoskeleton
51
Specialized cellular structures with characteristic shapes and specific functions
Organelles
52
These are paired centrioles plus pericentriolar material
Centrosome
53
_____ move fluids over a cell's surface; a _____ moves an entire cell
Cilia; flagellum
54
It is composed of two subunits containing ribosomal RNA and proteins
Ribosome
55
What is the function of ribosome
Protein synthesis
56
It is the site of synthesis of glycoproteins and phospholipids
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
57
It is the site of fatty acids and steroid synthesis
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
58
Its main function is to store, package, and export proteins
Golgi complex
59
These are vesicle formed from golgi complex and _contains digestive enzyme_
Lysosome
60
It consists of 3 to 20 cisterns
Golgi complex
61
It is a vesicle containing oxidative enzymes
Peroxisome
62
If detoxifies harmful substances
Peroxisome
63
It is a tiny-barrel shaped structure that contains protease, enzymes that cut proteins
Proteasome
64
It is consist of outer and inner membranes, cristae, and matrix
Mitochondrion
65
It is the site of reactions that produce most of a cell's atp
Mitochondrion
66
It is consist of nuclear envelope with pores, nucleoli, and chromatin
Nucleus
67
Within mitochondria, chemical reactions of ______ cellular respiration generate ATP
Aerobic
68
What determines the physical and chemical characteristics of cells
Protein
69
What are the two steps in protein synthesis
Transcription and translation
70
This step is used to produce a specific molecule of rna
Transcription
71
Information in the rna is translated into specific amino acids to form a new protein molecule
Translation
72
Where does transcription occur
In the nucleus
73
It is a process whereby cells reproduce themselves
Cell division
74
What are the two types of cell division?
Meiosis (gametes) and somatic cell division (2 identical cells)
75
It is the sequence of changes that a cell undergoes from the time it forms until it duplicates its contents and divides into two cells
Cell cycle
76
A phase in cell division wherein a cell is not dividing
Interphase
77
What is the phase wherein division of the nucleus and cytoplasm into two cells occur
Mitotic phase
78
The mitotic process is divided into four stages. What are those?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

AnaPhy Prelims (6 decks)

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