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AnaPhy Prelims > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main parts of the cell

A

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

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2
Q

It forms a cell’s flexible outer surface, separating the cell’s internal environment from its its external environment.

A

Plasma membrane

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3
Q

It regulates the flow of materials into and out of a cell

A

Plasma membrane

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4
Q

It is consist of all cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

What are the two components of cytoplasm

A

Cytosol and organelles

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6
Q

Is the liquid portion of cytoplasm that consist mostly of water + dissolved solutes and suspended particles

A

Cytosol

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7
Q

It is the largest organelle of a cell

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

It has two two tail-to-tail layers made up of three types of lipid molecules

A

Lipid bilayer

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9
Q

These are the three types of lipid molecules in a lipid bilayer

A

Phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipid

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10
Q

It plays a key role in communication among cells and between cells and their external environment

A

Plasma membrane

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11
Q

What are the two types of proteins in the plasma membrane

A

Integral and peripheral

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12
Q

A type of protein that extend through the lipid bilayer

A

Integral

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13
Q

It allows small and medium size water-soluble materials to cross the membrane

A

Integral

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14
Q

It is loosely attached to the exterior or interior surface of the membrane

A

Peripheral

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15
Q

The plasma membrane allows some substances to move in into and out of the cell but restricts the passage of other substances. What do you call this property of membrane?

A

Selectively permeable

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16
Q

The lipid bilayer is permeable to _____ and to ______ molecules

A

Water; lipid-soluble

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17
Q

It is a glucose attached to a lipid

A

Glycolipid

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18
Q

It is a glucose attached to a protein

A

Glycoprotein

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19
Q

The phospholipid bilayer is divided into two layers of phospholipids. What are these?

A

Hydrophilic layer (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) layer

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20
Q

It is the fluid in body cells

A

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

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21
Q

It is the fluid outside cells

A

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

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22
Q

It is the extracellular fluid in blood vessels

A

Blood plasma

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23
Q

It is the extracellular fluid between cells in tissues

A

Interstitial fluid

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24
Q

It is the extracellular fluid in lymphatic vessels

A

Lymph

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25
Q

It is a clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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26
Q

It is any material dissolved in a fluid

A

Solute

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27
Q

It is a fluid that dissolves materials

A

Solvent

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28
Q

These are the two methods for substances to move across the plasma membrane

A

Passive processes and active processes

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29
Q

Substance moves down its concentration gradient through the membrane, using only its own energy of motion (kinetic energy)

Ex: simple diffusion and osmosis

A

Passive processes

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30
Q

It requires cellular energy and is usually in the form of ATP, which is used to “push” the substance through the membrane uphill against its concentration gradient

Ex. Active transport

A

Active processes

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31
Q

What are the two types of passive processes

A

Diffusion and osmosis

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32
Q

It is a movement of a substance by kinetic energy down a concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached

A

Diffusion

33
Q

It is the passive movement of a substance through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane

A

Simple diffusion

34
Q

It is the passive movement of a substance down its concentration gradient aided by ion channels and carriers

A

Facilitated diffusion

35
Q

It is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration

A

Osmosis

36
Q

It is the movement of substances against a concentration gradient and requires cellular energy in the form of ATP

A

Active processes

37
Q

What is the difference between passive processes and active processes

A

Active processes require cellular energy in the form of atp

38
Q

Is the movement of substances into or out of a cell in vesicles that bud from the plasma membrane; requires energy supplied by atp

A

Transport in vesicles

39
Q

It is the transport in which cell expense energy to move a substance across the membrane against its concentration gradient aided by membrane proteins that act as pumps; disintegral membrane proteins use energy supplied by ATP

A

Active transport

40
Q

It is the movement of substances into a cell and vesicles

A

Endocytosis

41
Q

What are the two types of endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis (cell-eating) and bulk-phase endocytosis (cell-drinking)

42
Q

It is the movement of extracellular fluid into a cell by in folding of plasma membrane

A

Bulk-phase endocytosis

43
Q

It is the movement of a solid particle into a cell after pseudopods and engulf it

A

Phagocytosis

44
Q

What are the examples of phagocytosis

A

Bacteria, viruses, and aged or dead cells

45
Q

It is the movement of substances out of a cell in secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents into the extracellular fluid

A

Exocytosis

46
Q

It consists of all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and nucleus, including cytosol and organelles

A

Cytoplasm

47
Q

Site of all intracellular activities except those occurring in the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

48
Q

Composed of water, solutes, suspended particles, lipid droplets, and glycogen granules

A

Cytosol

49
Q

It is a network in the cytoplasm composed of three protein filaments: microfilament, intermediate filament, and microtubules

A

Cytoskeleton

50
Q

It maintains the shape and general organization of cellular contents and is responsible for cell movements

A

Cytoskeleton

51
Q

Specialized cellular structures with characteristic shapes and specific functions

A

Organelles

52
Q

These are paired centrioles plus pericentriolar material

A

Centrosome

53
Q

_____ move fluids over a cell’s surface; a _____ moves an entire cell

A

Cilia; flagellum

54
Q

It is composed of two subunits containing ribosomal RNA and proteins

A

Ribosome

55
Q

What is the function of ribosome

A

Protein synthesis

56
Q

It is the site of synthesis of glycoproteins and phospholipids

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

57
Q

It is the site of fatty acids and steroid synthesis

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

58
Q

Its main function is to store, package, and export proteins

A

Golgi complex

59
Q

These are vesicle formed from golgi complex and contains digestive enzyme

A

Lysosome

60
Q

It consists of 3 to 20 cisterns

A

Golgi complex

61
Q

It is a vesicle containing oxidative enzymes

A

Peroxisome

62
Q

If detoxifies harmful substances

A

Peroxisome

63
Q

It is a tiny-barrel shaped structure that contains protease, enzymes that cut proteins

A

Proteasome

64
Q

It is consist of outer and inner membranes, cristae, and matrix

A

Mitochondrion

65
Q

It is the site of reactions that produce most of a cell’s atp

A

Mitochondrion

66
Q

It is consist of nuclear envelope with pores, nucleoli, and chromatin

A

Nucleus

67
Q

Within mitochondria, chemical reactions of ______ cellular respiration generate ATP

A

Aerobic

68
Q

What determines the physical and chemical characteristics of cells

A

Protein

69
Q

What are the two steps in protein synthesis

A

Transcription and translation

70
Q

This step is used to produce a specific molecule of rna

A

Transcription

71
Q

Information in the rna is translated into specific amino acids to form a new protein molecule

A

Translation

72
Q

Where does transcription occur

A

In the nucleus

73
Q

It is a process whereby cells reproduce themselves

A

Cell division

74
Q

What are the two types of cell division?

A

Meiosis (gametes) and somatic cell division (2 identical cells)

75
Q

It is the sequence of changes that a cell undergoes from the time it forms until it duplicates its contents and divides into two cells

A

Cell cycle

76
Q

A phase in cell division wherein a cell is not dividing

A

Interphase

77
Q

What is the phase wherein division of the nucleus and cytoplasm into two cells occur

A

Mitotic phase

78
Q

The mitotic process is divided into four stages. What are those?

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

AnaPhy Prelims (6 decks)

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